Resurgence is observed when a previously extinguished behavior reemerges while a more recently reinforced behavior is extinguished. Resurgence is further defined as responding that is greater than an inactive control response that has never produced reinforcement. Recent studies of resurgence using neurotypical adults as participants in human-laboratory investigations have produced discrepant patterns of responding compared to nonhuman animal laboratory studies when comparing control response performance. Namely, human-laboratory investigations have produced no differences between target and control responding, and persistence of all response types across the resurgence-test phase. In the present study, we conducted two human-laboratory experiments to determine if these effects were a product of the history of reinforcement associated with the target response as well as the types of technology used in human-laboratory studies. For all participants, we found no differences in levels of resurgence and occurrence for the target and control response, respectively. Moreover, we observed persistence of all response types across the resurgence-test phase in a manner consistent with prior research. This finding was apparent even when the length of baseline (i.e., reinforcement for the target) was increased, when the length of extinction was increased, and when low-technology stimuli were used. We highlight the implications of this outcome in the context of recent human-laboratory studies that have used arbitrary responses to study resurgence, and discuss the possible role of verbal mediation in these investigations.

当先前熄灭的行为重新出现而最近强化的行为被熄灭时，可以观察到死灰复燃。回潮被进一步定义为响应大于从未从未产生增强作用的非活动控制响应。当比较对照反应表现时，与非人类动物实验室研究相比，使用神经性成年成年人作为人类实验室研究参与者的近期复活研究产生了不同的反应模式。即，人类实验室研究在目标响应和对照响应之间并没有产生任何区别，并且在回潮测试阶段中所有响应类型的持久性都没有。在目前的研究中，我们进行了两个人体实验室实验，以确定这些影响是否是与目标反应相关的强化历史以及人体实验室研究中使用的技术类型的产物。对于所有参与者，我们发现目标和对照反应的复发和发生水平分别没有差异。此外，我们以与先前研究一致的方式观察了整个回潮测试阶段所有响应类型的持久性。即使增加基线长度（即增强目标强度），增加消光长度和使用低技术刺激，这一发现也是显而易见的。我们在最近的人类实验室研究的背景下强调了这一结果的含义，该研究使用了任意反应来研究复苏，