Although many patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly mild TBI, recover from their symptoms within a few weeks, a small but meaningful subset experience symptoms that persist for months or years after injury and significantly impact quality of life for the person and their family. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of negative TBI outcomes include not only characteristics of the injury and injury mechanism, but also the person's age, pre-injury status, comorbid conditions, environment, and propensity for resilience. In this article, as part of the Brain Trauma Blueprint: TBI State of the Science framework, we examine the epidemiology of long-term outcomes of TBI, including incidence, prevalence, and risk factors. We identify the need for increased longitudinal, global, standardized, and validated assessments on incidence, recovery, and treatments, as well as standardized assessments of the influence of genetics, race, ethnicity, sex, and environment on TBI outcomes. By identifying how epidemiological factors contribute to TBI outcomes in different groups of persons and potentially impact differential disease progression, we can guide investigators and clinicians toward more-precise patient diagnosis, along with tailored management, and improve clinical trial designs, data evaluation, and patient selection criteria.

中文翻译：

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创伤性脑损伤慢性影响的流行病学

尽管许多被诊断患有创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的患者，尤其是轻度 TBI 患者，会在几周内从症状中恢复，但有一小部分患者在受伤后会出现持续数月或数年的症状，并显着影响患者的生活质量和他们的家庭。与 TBI 负面结果可能性增加相关的因素不仅包括损伤和损伤机制的特征，还包括人的年龄、受伤前状态、合并症、环境和恢复倾向。在本文中，作为脑外伤蓝图：TBI 科学现状框架的一部分，我们研究了 TBI 长期结果的流行病学，包括发病率、患病率和风险因素。我们确定需要增加纵向、全球、标准化、和对发病率、康复和治疗的有效评估，以及对遗传、种族、民族、性别和环境对 TBI 结果影响的标准化评估。通过确定流行病学因素如何影响不同人群的 TBI 结果并可能影响不同的疾病进展，我们可以指导研究人员和临床医生进行更精确的患者诊断，以及量身定制的管理，并改进临床试验设计、数据评估和患者选择标准。