Identifying locally adapted and adopted efficient practices can be a step towards the agroecological transition of irrigated plains of the Southern Mediterranean region. However, these types of practices - often little known - are drowned within a wide range of practices. The objective of this study was, first, to elaborate a method to describe this diversity in a semi-arid irrigated landscape, at both the plot and farm scales; second, to show the main characteristics of these types of crop management; and third, to question their sustainability according to agroecological principles. To do so, this paper focused on Southern Mediterranean irrigated cropping systems as i) studies on management routes are scarce with regard to this region; ii) irrigated landscapes are known for their high level of natural, technical and financial constraints, often favoring more intensive farming practices regarding chemical inputs. A series of semi-directive interviews were conducted in order to assess farmers’ management of chili-pepper-based (Capsicum annuum) cropping systems, a widespread crop in the Merguellil plain, Central Tunisia. The "Typ-iti” method, combining multivariate analysis, clustering and association rules, was used to characterize the diversity of technical management routes (TMR) of these systems. The environmental sustainability was qualitatively accessed by classifying the clusters of TMRs obtained according to their potential impact on natural resources. Then, these management routes were qualitatively associated to some farm structural characteristics, to analyze their diversity at the farm level. These enabled to distinguish a gradient of farming practices and characteristics, respectively at both plot and farm scales relative to environmental impacts. The study showed that some agroecology-compatible TMRs coexisted with conventional TMRs for chili-pepper-based cropping systems. Our method characterized three main groups: i) a group of intensive TMRs regarding chemical input powered especially by tenant farmers, ii) an intermediary group iii) a moderate group powered by land owners. Throughout these main groups, seven types of TMRs were described. These were always comprised of both agroecology and non-agroecology-compatible technical operations. This coexistence of diversely impacting practices challenges agroecology in multiple ways. Fertilization management appeared as a major issue in the study zone, often resulting in high applied doses. These findings could allow actors in charge of agriculture to better focus their action. However, the study did not take into account the outputs of the studied systems, so that their productivity and environmental impacts have not yet been assessed in a quantitative manner. For future studies, the paragons obtained from our analysis are typical cases that could be studied for such a purpose.

确定当地适应和采用的有效做法可以是迈向南部地中海地区灌溉平原农业生态过渡的一步。但是，这些类型的实践（通常鲜为人知）被广泛的实践所淹没。这项研究的目的是，首先，阐述一种在田间和农场规模上描述半干旱灌溉景观中这种多样性的方法。第二，展示这些类型的作物管理的主要特征；第三，根据农业生态学原理质疑其可持续性。为此，本文着重于地中海南部的灌溉系统，因为：i）关于该区域管理途径的研究很少；ii）灌溉景观以其高水平的自然，技术和财政限制而著称，通常倾向于在化学物质投入方面进行更精耕细作的耕作。进行了一系列的半定向访谈，以评估农民对辣椒胡椒基（辣椒）种植系统，这是突尼斯中部Merguellil平原的一种普遍作物。“ Typ-iti”方法结合了多元分析，聚类和关联规则，用于表征这些系统的技术管理路线（TMR）的多样性，并通过根据其获得的TMR的聚类进行定性，从而定性地获取了环境的可持续性。然后，将这些管理路线定性地与某些农场的结构特征相关联，以分析其在农场一级的多样性，从而能够区分相对于地块和农场规模的耕作方式和特征的梯度环境影响。该研究表明，在基于辣椒的农作物种植系统中，一些与农业生态相容的TMR与常规TMR共存。我们的方法分为三个主要组：i）一组由化学品尤其是由租户农民提供动力的密集TMRs，ii）中间组iii）由土地所有者提供动力的中度组。在这些主要人群中，共描述了七种TMR。这些总是包括农业生态学和与农业生态学不相容的技术操作。不同影响的实践的共存以多种方式挑战农业生态。施肥管理似乎是研究区域的主要问题，通常导致高剂量应用。这些发现可以使负责农业的行为者更好地集中行动。然而，该研究未考虑所研究系统的输出，因此尚未对它们的生产率和环境影响进行定量评估。对于以后的研究，从我们的分析中获得的典范是可以为此目的进行研究的典型案例。