After three decades of scholarship, transnationalism remains understood as connections between people who have migrated and people who remain in the country of origin. Such ties are important and prevalent. But perhaps a radical extension of transnationalism is also warranted: There are people who are neither ‘migrants’ nor ‘non-migrants’ but lead transnational lives that evade these categories. In such cases, transnationalism is not a consequence of migration, but rather a fundamental challenge to it. This article connects the established literature on transnationalism with this potentially significant perspective. We draw on the phrase ‘living in two countries’, which incorporates the tensions and contradictions that transnational living entails. Drawing upon diverse empirical data, we ask how we might identify lives that span two countries and, how such lives are differentiated, and why they are significant even if they are rare.

中文翻译：

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生活在两个国家：跨国生活作为移民的替代方案

经过三年的学术研究，跨国主义仍然被理解为移民和留在原籍国的人之间的联系。这种联系很重要也很普遍。但或许也有必要对跨国主义进行激进的扩展：有些人既不是“移民”也不是“非移民”，而是过着逃避这些类别的跨国生活。在这种情况下，跨国主义不是移民的结果，而是对移民的根本挑战。本文将有关跨国主义的既定文献与这一具有潜在意义的观点联系起来。我们借鉴了“生活在两个国家”这个词，它包含了跨国生活所带来的紧张和矛盾。利用各种经验数据，我们询问如何确定跨越两个国家的生活，并且，