This series of papers aims at understanding the formation and evolution of non-barred disc galaxies. We use the new spectro-photometric decomposition code, c2d, to separate the spectral information of bulges and discs of a statistically representative sample of galaxies from the CALIFA survey. Then, we study their stellar population properties analysing the structure-independent datacubes with the Pipe3D algorithm. We find a correlation between the bulge-to-total (B/T) luminosity (and mass) ratio and galaxy stellar mass. The B/T mass ratio has only a mild evolution with redshift, but the bulge-to-disc (B/D) mass ratio shows a clear increase of the disc component since redshift z < 1 for massive galaxies. The mass–size relation for both bulges and discs describes an upturn at high galaxy stellar masses (log (M⋆/M⊙) > 10.5). The relation holds for bulges but not for discs when using their individual stellar masses. We find a negligible evolution of the mass–size relation for both the most massive ($\log {(M_{\star \rm ,b,d}/{\rm M}_{\odot })} \gt 10$) bulges and discs. For lower masses, discs show a larger variation than bulges. We also find a correlation between the Sérsic index of bulges and both galaxy and bulge stellar mass, which does not hold for the disc mass. Our results support an inside-out formation of nearby non-barred galaxies, and they suggest that (i) bulges formed early-on and (ii) they have not evolved much through cosmic time. However, we find that the early properties of bulges drive the future evolution of the galaxy as a whole, and particularly the properties of the discs that eventually form around them.

中文翻译：

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CALIFA调查中隆起和圆盘的起源——一、形态演化

本系列论文旨在了解非棒盘星系的形成和演化。我们使用新的分光光度分解代码 c2d 从 CALIFA 调查中分离出具有统计代表性的星系样本的凸起和圆盘的光谱信息。然后，我们使用 Pipe3D 算法分析与结构无关的数据立方体，研究它们的星群属性。我们发现了凸起与总（B/T）光度（和质量）比与星系恒星质量之间的相关性。B/T 质量比仅随着红移而温和演变，但凸起与圆盘 (B/D) 质量比显示出圆盘分量的明显增加，因为红移 z <; 1 大质量星系。凸起和圆盘的质量-尺寸关系描述了在高星系恒星质量 (log (M⋆/M⊙) > 10.5) 处的上升。当使用它们各自的恒星质量时，这种关系适用于凸起，但不适用于圆盘。我们发现对于两个最大规模 ($\log {(M_{\star \rm ,b,d}/{\rm M}_{\odot })} \gt 10$ ) 凸起和圆盘。对于较小的质量，圆盘显示出比凸起更大的变化。我们还发现了 Sérsic 凸起指数与星系和凸起恒星质量之间的相关性，这不适用于圆盘质量。我们的结果支持附近的非棒状星系由内而外地形成，并且他们表明（i）早期形成的凸起和（ii）它们在宇宙时间中没有发生太大的演变。然而，我们发现凸起的早期特性推动了整个银河系的未来演化，尤其是最终在它们周围形成的圆盘的特性。