Macrophysical and microphysical features of clouds and precipitation at coastal [20 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL)] and high‐altitude cloud physics observatory (HACPO; 1820 m above MSL) sites on the windward side of Western Ghats are examined using ground (Ceilometer and Disdrometer) and satellite‐based observations for the years 2017 and 2018 during the pre‐ and post‐monsoon seasons. Low‐ and high‐level clouds dominate over the coastal site, whereas at HACPO, middle‐level clouds dominate with a prominent diurnal cycle. Stratiform and convective raindrop size distributions (RSDs) show that nearly 80% of total precipitation was convective in both the seasons at the coastal site. The relative increase in mass‐weighted mean diameter (D_m), lower value of normalized intercept parameter (N_w) and higher mean cloud effective radius of ice and liquid phase imply deeper cloud formation in the site. But at HACPO, 54.85% of precipitation is evolved from the convective core and 45.15% from the stratiform core. Lower specific humidity, less liquid water content and weak convective available potential energy signify a dry environment which delimits vertical growth of orographic clouds in coherence with RSD variations having low D_m and high N_w with low rainwater content. Enhanced collision‐coalescence in the deep convective clouds sustained by strong updraft results in precipitation with high concentration of mid and large size drops at coastal site, whereas in HACPO, middle‐level clouds persist for longer periods favoring warm rain processes by shallow convection that cause smaller drops at the surface.

中文翻译：

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西高止山脉迎风面降水微物理学推论的浅层和深层云特征

使用地面（云高仪）检查了西高止山脉迎风侧的沿海地区[高于平均海平面（MSL）20 m处的海岸]和高空云物理观测站（HACPO；高于MSL 1820 m）处的云和降水的宏观物理和微物理特征和Disdrometer）和季风前后季风期间2017年和2018年的卫星观测。在沿海地区，低层和高层云占主导地位，而在HACPO，中层云以明显的昼夜周期占主导地位。层状和对流雨滴大小分布（RSD）表明，在沿海站点的两个季节中，近80％的总降水都是对流的。质量加权平均直径（D _m）的相对增加，归一化截距参数的最小值（N_w）和较高的冰和液相的平均云有效半径意味着该地点的云形成较深。但在HACPO，降水的54.85％来自对流岩心，而45.15％来自层状岩心。较低的比湿度，液体较少的水含量和弱对流有效位能，则意味着其限定地形云的垂直生长在相干与具有低RSD的变化的干燥环境d_米和高Ñ_瓦特雨水含量低。在强对流作用下，深对流云的碰撞-聚结作用增强，导致沿海地区降水集中，中，大型液滴高度集中，而在HACPO中，中层云持续较长时间，有利于浅对流的暖雨过程，这导致了较小的液滴在表面。