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Large-Scale Patterns in the Agricultural Demographic Transition of Mesoamerica and Southwestern North America
American Antiquity ( IF 3.129 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-04 , DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2021.23
Richard G. Lesure , R. J. Sinensky , Gregson Schachner , Thomas A. Wake , Katelyn J. Bishop

This article examines large-scale spatial and temporal patterns in the agricultural demographic transition (ADT) of Mesoamerica and southwestern North America (“the Southwest”). An analysis of published settlement and subsistence data suggests that the prolonged ADTs of these regions involved two successive eras of rapid population growth. Although both periods of growth were fueled by the introduction or development of more productive domesticates, they had distinctive demographic and social consequences. The first phase of the ADT occurred only in a scattering of favorable regions, between 1900 and 1000 BC in Mesoamerica and 1200 BC–AD 400 in the Southwest. Its demographic consequences were modest because it was underwritten by still rather unproductive maize. During this phase, increased population was confined mainly to a few agricultural heartlands, whereas surrounding regions remained sparsely populated. The second phase of the ADT was more dramatic in the spatial scale of its impact. This “high productivity” phase unfolded between 1000 and 200 BC in Mesoamerica and AD 500–1300 in the Southwest, and it was fueled by more productive maize varieties and improving agricultural technologies. It was accompanied by sweeping social, economic, and political changes in both regions.



中文翻译:

中美洲和北美西南部农业人口转型的大规模模式

本文研究了中美洲和北美西南部(“西南”)农业人口转型 (ADT) 的大规模时空模式。对已发表的定居和生存数据的分析表明,这些地区延长的 ADT 涉及两个连续的人口快速增长时期。尽管这两个增长时期都是由引入或发展更高产的驯化动物推动的,但它们对人口和社会产生了独特的影响。ADT 的第一阶段仅发生在分散的有利地区,即中美洲的公元前 1900 年至公元前 1000 年和西南的公元前 1200 年至公元 400 年之间。它的人口影响不大,因为它由仍然相当低产的玉米承保。在这个阶段,增加的人口主要局限于少数农业中心地带,而周边地区仍然人烟稀少。ADT 的第二阶段在其影响的空间尺度上更具戏剧性。这个“高生产力”阶段在公元前 1000 年至公元前 200 年间在中美洲和公元 500 年至 1300 年间在西南部展开,它受到更高产的玉米品种和农业技术改进的推动。伴随着这两个地区的社会、经济和政治的全面变革。产量更高的玉米品种和改进的农业技术推动了这一趋势。伴随着这两个地区的社会、经济和政治的全面变革。产量更高的玉米品种和改进的农业技术推动了这一趋势。伴随着这两个地区的社会、经济和政治的全面变革。

更新日期:2021-05-04
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