This paper explores the interaction of informal constraints on human behaviour by examining the evolution of English football jerseys. The jersey provides an excellent setting to demonstrate how informal constraints emerge from formal rules and shape human behaviour. Customs, approved norms and habits are all observed in this setting. The commercialisation of football in recent decades has resulted in these informal constraints, in many cases dating back over a century, co-existing with branding, goodwill and identity effects. Combined, these motivate clubs to maintain the status quo. As a result, club colours have remained remarkably resilient within a frequently changing landscape.

中文翻译：

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球衣的演变——制度视角

本文通过考察英格兰足球球衣的演变，探讨了非正式约束对人类行为的相互作用。球衣提供了一个很好的环境来展示非正式约束如何从正式规则中产生并塑造人类行为。在这种环境中，习俗、批准的规范和习惯都得到了遵守。近几十年来足球的商业化导致了这些非正式的限制，在许多情况下可以追溯到一个多世纪以前，与品牌、商誉和身份效应并存。综合起来，这些激励俱乐部保持现状. 因此，俱乐部的颜色在不断变化的环境中保持了显着的弹性。