Results of our research on crosslinked latexes and polymer nanoparticles will be reported. Goals of this long-term program have been: comparing precoalescence and post-coalescence crosslinking; synthesizing polymer nanoparticle latexes (~ 20 to 25 nm) from a variety of acrylic monomers, including crosslinking and crosslinkable monomers; and blending nanoparticle latexes with compatible conventional (~ 120 to 130 nm) latexes and understanding their effects on film formation and on fundamental and empirical film properties. As we previously reported, blending conventional and nanolatexes in an 85/15 ratio (w/w of polymer solids) effects substantial changes of fundamental film properties. Best results included reducing minimum filming temperatures (MFT) while increasing Young’s moduli by factors of two to 17. Substantial improvements in empirical film properties such as gloss (up to 97 at 60°), hardness (increased by 2–5 pencils), block resistance, and adhesion to aluminum were also found. The previous report covered only a single blend ratio. Here we report studies of blends with ratios of conventional to nanoparticle latexes ranging from 92.5/7.5 to 30/70 (w/w). As before, the latexes and nanolatexes are BMA/BA copolymers with 0–4 wt.% of 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate (precoalescence crosslinker) and 0–5 wt.% of diacetone acrylamide (for post-coalescence crosslinking with adipic dihydrazide). Films cast from these blends are subjected to everyday empirical coatings tests and are characterized using instrumental tests including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). Film formation and film morphology are studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results confirm that blending nanoparticles at ratios up to 50/50 (w/w of polymer solids) can substantially improve certain properties of conventional latex films. For many properties, the optimum ratio is around 85/15 conventional/nano; a 92.5/7.5 ratio also affords substantial improvements. As coatings, the blends have near-zero VOC.

我们将对交联胶乳和聚合物纳米颗粒的研究结果进行报道。该长期计划的目标是：比较聚结前和聚结后的交联；由多种丙烯酸类单体（包括交联和可交联单体）合成聚合物纳米粒子胶乳（约20至25 nm）；并将纳米粒子胶乳与兼容的常规胶乳（〜120至130 nm）混合，并了解它们对成膜以及基本和经验膜性能的影响。如我们先前所报道，以85/15的比例（聚合物固体的w / w）混合常规和纳米乳胶会大大改变基本薄膜的性能。最佳结果包括降低最低成膜温度（MFT），同时将杨氏模量提高2到17倍。还发现了经验膜性质的显着改善，例如光泽度（在60°时高达97），硬度（由2至5支铅笔增加），抗粘连性以及对铝的粘附性。上一份报告仅涉及单一混合比例。在这里，我们报告了对传统胶乳与纳米胶乳比例为92.5 / 7.5至30/70（w / w）的共混物的研究。和以前一样，乳胶和纳米胶乳是BMA / BA共聚物，其中0-4 wt。％的1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（聚结前交联剂）和0-5 wt。％的双丙酮丙烯酰胺（用于与己二酸二酰肼的聚结后交联） ）。用这些混合物浇铸的薄膜要进行日常的经验涂层测试，并使用包括动态力学分析（DMA）和调制差示扫描量热法（MDSC）在内的仪器测试来表征。使用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了膜的形成和膜的形态。结果证实，以高达50/50（w / w的聚合物固体）的比例混合纳米颗粒可以显着改善常规胶乳薄膜的某些性能。对于许多性能而言，最佳比例约为传统/纳米的85/15。92.5 / 7.5的比率也提供了实质性的改进。作为涂料，共混物的VOC几乎为零。