Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a multihop mobile wireless communication network that can realize many vehicle-related applications through multitop communication. In the open wireless communication environment, security and privacy protection are important contents of VANET research. The most basic method of VANET privacy protection is anonymous authentication. Even through, there are many existing schemes to provide anonymous authentication for VANETs. Many existing schemes suffer from high computational cost by using bilinear pairing operation or need the assistance of the trust authorities (TAs) during the authentication process or rely on an ideal tamper-proof device (TPD), which requires very strong security assumption. In this study, an anonymous authentication and key negotiation scheme by using private key and group key is proposed, which is based on pseudonym using the nonsingular elliptic curve. In this scheme, there is no third party trust center to participate in the authentication, there is no need to query the database, and there is no need of the local database to save the identity information of many vehicles, which reduce the storage space and the authentication time compared with other schemes. The proposed scheme only needs realistic TPDs. In the proposed scheme, TPDs do not need to preinstall the system key as many other schemes do; hence, the failure of a single TPD does not affect the security of the entire system. The security of the scheme is proved under the random oracle model. Compared with the related schemes using bilinear pairings, the computational cost and communication cost of the proposed scheme are reduced by 82% and 50%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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车载Ad Hoc网络结合组密钥的匿名认证和密钥协商方案

车载自组织网络（VANET）是一种多跳移动无线通信网络，可以通过多顶通信实现许多与车辆相关的应用。在开放的无线通信环境中，安全性和隐私保护是VANET研究的重要内容。VANET隐私保护的最基本方法是匿名身份验证。即使这样，也有许多现有的方案可以为VANET提供匿名身份验证。许多现有方案通过使用双线性配对操作而遭受高计算成本，或者在认证过程中需要信任机构（TA）的帮助，或者依赖于理想的防篡改设备（TPD），这需要非常强的安全性假设。在这项研究中，提出了一种使用私钥和组密钥的匿名身份验证和密钥协商方案，这是基于使用非奇异椭圆曲线的化名的结果。该方案不需要第三方信任中心参与认证，也不需要查询数据库，也不需要本地数据库保存很多车辆的身份信息，减少了存储空间和与其他方案相比的认证时间。提出的方案仅需要现实的TPD。在建议的方案中，TPD不需要像许多其他方案一样预先安装系统密钥。因此，单个TPD的故障不会影响整个系统的安全性。在随机预言机模型下证明了该方案的安全性。与使用双线性配对的相关方案相比，该方案的计算成本和通信成本分别降低了82％和50％。