The most effective charities are hundreds of times more effective than typical charities, yet few donors prioritize effectiveness. Why is that? How might we increase the effectiveness of charitable giving? We review the motivational and epistemic causes of (in)effective giving. Many donors view charitable giving as a matter of personal preference, which favors decisions based on emotional appeal rather than effectiveness. In addition, while many donors are motivated to give effectively, they often have misconceptions and cognitive biases that reduce effective giving. Nearly all research on charitable giving interventions focuses on increasing donation amounts. However, to increase societal benefit, donation effectiveness is likely to be more important. This underscores the need for research on strategies to encourage effective giving.

最有效的慈善机构比典型的慈善机构有效数百倍，但很少有捐助者优先考虑有效性。这是为什么？我们如何才能提高慈善捐赠的有效性？我们回顾了（无效）给予的动机和认知原因。许多捐赠者将慈善捐赠视为个人偏好问题，这更倾向于基于情感诉求而非有效性的决策。此外，虽然许多捐助者有积极性地进行有效捐赠，但他们往往存在减少有效捐赠的误解和认知偏见。几乎所有关于慈善捐赠干预的研究都集中在增加捐赠金额上。然而，为了增加社会效益，捐赠的有效性可能更为重要。这强调了研究鼓励有效捐赠的策略的必要性。