The Social Referencing Observational Scale (SoROS) is being developed to measure and detect deficits in social referencing skills in children between 2.6 and 5.0 years of age. This study is the first in the sequence, describing the first phases of development. First, three different scenarios designed to evoke social referencing behaviors were selected. We called the scenarios Fear, Pain, and Joy. In the pilot study, social referencing in 60 typical children was scored. Based on the data from the pilot study, the scoring system was refined and another 204 children were tested. We report descriptive data on social referencing in typical children across age and gender. Our main finding was that all children showed social referencing in that they first looked for cues in another person as for how to behave, and second behaved accordingly. This was the case across all three tested scenarios. Inter-rater reliability for individual scoring behaviors in all three scenarios was good to high. The descriptive data for how typical children behave in these scenarios can provide the basis for detecting deficits in social referencing and for planning interventions.

中文翻译：

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儿童社会参考观察量表 (SoROS)：量表发展和可靠性

正在开发社会参考观察量表 (SoROS)，以测量和检测 2.6 至 5.0 岁儿童的社会参考技能缺陷。本研究是序列中的第一个，描述了开发的第一个阶段。首先，选择了旨在唤起社会参考行为的三种不同场景。我们称这些场景为恐惧、痛苦和喜悦。在试点研究中，对 60 名典型儿童的社会参考进行了评分。根据试点研究的数据，对评分系统进行了改进，并对另外 204 名儿童进行了测试。我们报告了不同年龄和性别的典型儿童的社会参考的描述性数据。我们的主要发现是，所有孩子都表现出社会参照，因为他们首先从另一个人身上寻找如何表现的线索，然后相应地表现出来。在所有三个测试场景中都是这种情况。在所有三种情况下，个人评分行为的评分者间可靠性从好到高。关于典型儿童在这些场景中的行为方式的描述性数据可以为检测社会参照缺陷和规划干预提供基础。