We discuss the balancing acts of inclusion and exclusion by analysing how Somali migrants in Germany attempt to manoeuvre between various norms, individual interests and various social networks. Building on Glick Schiller and Caglar (2016), whose work on urban sociabilities emphasizes social relations in which people act as equals, we argue that ethnic (self-)identification is important as it serves as a basis for boundary-making and for bonding within and bridging and linking between groups. Thus, a focus on sociability and ethnic identification (as a category of praxis) can, in some cases, go hand in hand. Moreover, we argue that inclusion into local Somali communities, which is often discussed in public discourse as leading to exclusion from German society, helps to establish connections. Simultaneously, exclusion through racism can lead to (self-)isolation of Somalis, but also places pressure on younger Somalis in particular to forge alliances with non-Somali Germans to stabilize their situation. Balancing social inclusion and exclusion among Somali migrants in Germany therefore can have ambiguous and at times paradoxical outcomes.

中文翻译：

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在德国的索马里移民中平衡包容与排斥

我们通过分析德国的索马里移民如何试图在各种规范、个人利益和各种社会网络之间进行操作来讨论包容和排斥的平衡行为。基于 Glick Schiller 和 Caglar (2016)，他们关于城市社交的工作强调人们作为平等行为的社会关系，我们认为种族（自我）认同很重要，因为它作为边界制定和内部联系的基础以及群体之间的桥梁和联系。因此，在某些情况下，关注社交性和种族认同（作为一种实践）可以齐头并进。此外，我们认为融入当地的索马里社区有助于建立联系，这在公共话语中经常被讨论为导致被德国社会排斥。同时地，种族主义造成的排斥可能导致索马里人（自我）孤立，但也会对年轻的索马里人施加压力，特别是与非索马里德国人结成联盟以稳定他们的处境。因此，在德国的索马里移民中平衡社会包容和排斥可能会产生模棱两可、有时甚至是自相矛盾的结果。