This article explores the ways in which class structure in agrarian societies shape local adaptation responses to the impact of climate change, based on an empirical study of a village society in western Maharashtra, India. It draws on two types of fieldwork data, quantitative and qualitative, including a round of household socio-economic survey questionnaire and qualitative semi-structured interviews. We show that climate-change adaptation is class specific and varies considerably amongst the different classes within the relations of production even in the same village. The local class structure shape ownership and access to natural resources, with implications for both individual adaptive capacities and attempts to organize adaptation practices at the community-level. Specifically, adaptive practice is revealed as being largely contingent on the size of land owned and livelihood options that affects, in turn, households' adaptation capacities and their experiences of climate change. We find that whilst the village inhabitants have initiated various adaptation strategies privately, no community-based adaptation practices could be identified. As such, we call for a more comprehensive understanding of the class nature of climate change for developing effective climate adaptation strategies at the village-community level and especially for community-based adaptation (CBA) models.

中文翻译：

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印度农村的阶级和气候变化适应：超越基于社区的适应模型

本文基于对印度马哈拉施特拉邦西部乡村社会的实证研究，探讨了农业社会中的阶级结构如何塑造当地对气候变化影响的适应反应。它利用定量和定性两种实地调查数据，包括一轮家庭社会经济调查问卷和定性半结构化访谈。我们表明，气候变化适应是特定于阶级的，即使在同一个村庄，在生产关系中的不同阶级之间也存在很大差异。地方阶级结构影响所有权和自然资源的获取，对个人适应能力和在社区层面组织适应实践的尝试都有影响。具体来说，适应性实践被揭示在很大程度上取决于拥有土地的规模和生计选择，而这些选择反过来又会影响家庭的适应能力和他们对气候变化的经历。我们发现，虽然村里的居民私下发起了各种适应策略，但无法确定基于社区的适应实践。因此，我们呼吁更全面地了解气候变化的阶级性质，以便在村社区层面制定有效的气候适应战略，尤其是基于社区的适应 (CBA) 模型。无法确定基于社区的适应做法。因此，我们呼吁更全面地了解气候变化的阶级性质，以便在村社区层面制定有效的气候适应战略，尤其是基于社区的适应 (CBA) 模型。无法确定基于社区的适应做法。因此，我们呼吁更全面地了解气候变化的阶级性质，以便在村社区层面制定有效的气候适应战略，尤其是基于社区的适应 (CBA) 模型。