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Welfare regime patterns in the social class-fertility relationship: Second births in Austria, France, Norway, and the United Kingdom
Research in Social Stratification and Mobility ( IF 3.909 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100611
Pau Baizan

This paper develops a theoretical framework to analyze the relationship between social class and fertility. The framework borrows elements from social class analysis, institutional perspectives on the labor market and fertility, and welfare and gender regime theories. I hypothesize that individuals’ social class positions impinge on their economic security, employment–parenthood role compatibility, and gender relations, which are key variables in the explanation of fertility in contemporary postindustrial societies. Different combinations of these variables for each social class and country lead to class-specific fertility patterns. I use Austrian, French, Norwegian, and British samples from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, for the years 2004–2015, and discrete-time event–history analysis techniques to analyze second birth probabilities. A simultaneous equations approach is adopted to account for unobserved heterogeneity. The results document substantial differentials between social classes and distinct social class patterns for each country, consistently with the theoretical expectations. In Norway and France, overall high levels of second birth probabilities are found that follow a positive social ordering. In the United Kingdom and Austria, a U-shaped relationship between class and second birth probabilities prevails. Once unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for in the analyses, social class shows a positive effect on fertility in the four countries. The results show that social class is not only key to understanding intracountry differentials in fertility but is also useful for understanding the functioning of the welfare regime and its relationship to overall levels of fertility.



中文翻译:

社会阶层与生育关系中的福利制度模式:奥地利,法国,挪威和英国的第二胎

本文建立了一个理论框架来分析社会阶层与生育率之间的关系。该框架借鉴了社会阶级分析,劳动力市场和生育率的制度观点以及福利和性别制度理论中的要素。我假设个人的社会阶级地位会影响他们的经济安全,就业-父母角色的相容性以及性别关系,而这正是解释现代后工业社会中生育力的关键变量。每个社会阶层和国家的这些变量的不同组合会导致特定阶级的生育模式。我使用了2004-2015年间《欧盟收入和生活状况统计》中的奥地利,法国,挪威和英国样本,以及离散时间事件历史分析技术来分析第二胎的可能性。采用联立方程方法来解决未观察到的异质性问题。结果表明,每个国家的社会阶层和独特的社会阶层模式之间存在巨大差异,与理论预期相符。在挪威和法国,发现总体上较高的第二胎出生概率遵循积极的社会秩序。在英国和奥地利,阶级和第二个生育概率之间呈U型关系。一旦在分析中考虑到了未观察到的异质性,社会阶层就会对这四个国家的生育率产生积极影响。

更新日期:2021-05-07
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