The permissibility of nudging in public policy is often assessed in terms of the conditions of transparency, rationality, and easy resistibility. This debate has produced important resources for any ethical inquiry into nudging, but it has also failed to focus sufficiently on a different yet very important question, namely: when do nudges undermine a patient’s voluntary consent to a medical procedure? In this paper, I take on this further question and, more precisely, I ask to which extent the three conditions of transparency, rationality, and easy resistibility can be applied to the assessment of voluntary consent too. After presenting two examples, designed to put pressure on these three conditions, I show that, suitably modified, the three conditions can remain significant in the assessment of voluntary consent as well. However, the needed modifications are very substantial and result in a rather complicated view. To propose a tidier solution, I argue that nudging undermines voluntary consent if and only if it cannot be ‘interpersonally justified’ to the patient. I use the three modified conditions to motivate the idea of interpersonal justification and also to further specify the principles it involves. My resulting view is especially attractive because it builds on already existing insights from the debate on nudging, updates those insights with an eye to medical consent, and finally unites them in an elegant and simple framework.

公共政策中助推的允许性通常根据透明度、合理性和易于抵抗的条件来评估。这场辩论为任何关于轻推的伦理调查提供了重要资源，但它也未能充分关注一个不同但非常重要的问题，即：轻推何时会破坏患者对医疗程序的自愿同意？在本文中，我进一步提出了这个问题，更准确地说，我问透明、合理和容易抵抗这三个条件在多大程度上也可以应用于自愿同意的评估。在展示了两个旨在对这三个条件施加压力的示例之后，我表明，经过适当修改，这三个条件在自愿同意的评估中也仍然很重要。然而，所需的修改非常大，导致视图相当复杂。为了提出一个更简洁的解决方案，我认为当且仅当它不能对患者“人际正当化”时，轻推会破坏自愿同意。我使用这三个修改过的条件来激发人际证明的想法，并进一步说明它所涉及的原则。我得出的观点特别有吸引力，因为它建立在关于轻推辩论的现有见解的基础上，更新这些见解并着眼于医疗同意，并最终将它们统一在一个优雅而简单的框架中。我使用这三个修改过的条件来激发人际证明的想法，并进一步说明它所涉及的原则。我得出的观点特别有吸引力，因为它建立在关于轻推辩论的现有见解的基础上，更新这些见解并着眼于医疗同意，并最终将它们统一在一个优雅而简单的框架中。我使用这三个修改过的条件来激发人际证明的想法，并进一步说明它所涉及的原则。我得出的观点特别有吸引力，因为它建立在关于轻推辩论的现有见解的基础上，更新这些见解并着眼于医疗同意，并最终将它们统一在一个优雅而简单的框架中。