Objectives

This research offers an operationalization of the construct impermanence, a scale to measure it, and an exploration of its relationship to mental health. The 13-item Impermanence Awareness and Acceptance Scale (IMAAS) was created to measure two factors: (1) impermanence awareness, the cognizance that all phenomena are transient, and (2) impermanence acceptance, an attitude of openness towards the transient nature of all phenomena.

Methods

Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1), confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2), and convergent and discriminant validity analyses (Study 3) were conducted. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. The common latent factor method was used to identify potential common factors and response biases. Configural and metric invariance test was used to validate the factor structure.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit of a 2-factor structure for the IMAAS into impermanence awareness and acceptance (GFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; NFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.43). The IMAAS showed good convergent validity with similar constructs such as death acceptance and good discriminant validity with related but different constructs such as mindfulness. Impermanence awareness and acceptance were positively correlated to psychological well-being.

Conclusions

The IMAAS is proposed as a valid tool to assess changes in impermanence awareness and acceptance. More studies are needed to validate the IMAAS across diverse cross-cultural samples and to explore its relationship to well-being.

中文翻译：

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无常意识和接受量表

目标

这项研究提供了一种构造无常的可操作性，一个量度它的量表，并探索了它与心理健康的关系。创建了13个项目的无常意识和接受量表（IMAAS）以衡量两个因素：（1）无常意识，即所有现象都是短暂的认知；（2）无常性接受，即对所有人的短暂性的开放态度现象。

方法

进行了探索性因素分析（研究1），确认性因素分析（研究2）以及收敛和判别效度分析（研究3）。参与者是通过Amazon Mechanical Turk招募的。公共潜在因子方法用于识别潜在的公共因子和响应偏差。使用配置和度量不变性检验来验证因素结构。

结果

验证性因素分析显示，IMAAS的两因素结构在无常状态感知和接受方面具有良好的模型拟合性（GFI = 0.95，CFI = 0.97； TLI = 0.96； NFI = 0.94； RMSEA = 0.05，SRMR = 0.43）。IMAAS在类似的结构（如死亡接受）上表现出良好的收敛效度，在相关但不同的结构（如正念）上表现出良好的判别效度。无常意识和接受程度与心理健康呈正相关。

结论

提议将IMAAS作为评估无常意识和接受程度变化的有效工具。需要更多的研究来验证IMAAS在不同的跨文化样本中的地位，并探讨其与幸福感的关系。