Ao is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nagaland, India. It is a low resource, tonal language with three lexical tones, namely, high, mid, and low. However, tone assignment on lexical words may differ among the three dialects of Ao, namely, Chungli, Mongsen, and Changki. In this work, an acoustic study is conducted on the three tones in the three dialects of Ao. It was found that the acoustic characteristics of the tones in the Changki dialect are markedly different from that of the Chungli and the Mongsen dialects. Hence, in the latter part of the work, automatic dialect identification (DID) in the Ao dialects is attempted with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, Shifted Delta Cepstral coefficients, and F₀ features using the Gaussian Mixture models. It is confirmed that in both text-dependent and text-independent DID, the F₀ features improve the accuracy of classification.

中文翻译：

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低资源语言Ao方言信息的分析与建模

Ao是印度那加兰邦使用的藏缅语言。它是一种低资源、声调语言，具有三个词汇声调，即高、中、低。然而，在敖的三种方言中，即中离、蒙森和昌基中，词汇词的声调分配可能有所不同。在这项工作中，对敖三种方言中的三种声调进行了声学研究。发现昌基方言声调的声学特征与中坜方言和蒙森方言的声学特征明显不同。因此，在工作的后半部分，Ao 方言中的自动方言识别 (DID) 尝试使用 Mel 频率倒谱系数、Shifted Delta Cepstral 系数和F ₀使用高斯混合模型的特征。经证实，在文本相关和文本无关的 DID 中，F ₀特征提高了分类的准确性。