In Upper Silesia in Poland, coal is still exploited intensively and mine dump reclamation and afforestation are important environmental mitigation activities. In this study, we analysed the survival rate and foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) supply status and their quantitative relationships of two-year-old Scots pine, Norway spruce, Common oak and European beech at an early afforestation stage of a hard coal mine dump with topsoil. The conditions in the dump in the first years were particularly unfavorable for beech and spruce. The survival rate of seedlings varied between 93% for oak, 67% for pine, 30% for beech and 27% for spruce. Nutrient supply and their quantitative relationships in seedling foliage varied highly in all investigated species. The most deficient element was N; its content was lower than the accepted threshold for individual species under natural conditions. Of the soil properties analysed, electrolytic conductivity (EC) was strongly negatively correlated with foliar N and P. Thus, EC may be the factor with the highest negative effect on nutrient supply and the success of afforestation at early stages.

在波兰的上西里西亚，煤炭仍被大量开采，矿场的填海和造林是重要的环境缓解活动。在这项研究中，我们分析了两岁苏格兰樟子松，挪威云杉，普通橡树和欧洲山毛榉的成活率和叶片养分（氮，磷，钾，钙和镁）的供应状况以及它们之间的定量关系。硬煤堆放表土的绿化阶段。最初几年的垃圾堆条件对山毛榉和云杉特别不利。橡树的幼苗成活率在93％，松树为67％，山毛榉为30％，云杉为27％之间。在所有调查物种中，幼苗叶片中的养分供应及其定量关系差异很大。最缺乏的元素是N；其含量低于自然条件下单个物种的可接受阈值。在所分析的土壤特性中，电解电导率（EC）与叶面的N和P呈极显着的负相关。因此，EC可能是对养分供应和早期造林成功的负面影响最大的因素。