Most previous research purportedly indicates a stable linear relationship between (non)religiosity and life satisfaction, but a review of these studies reveals a less consistent relationship and several conceptual and methodological issues. More recent research adds to the relationship's complexity by indicating that certain government regulations, social norms of religiosity, and a country's level of societal development interact with the relationship between individual (non)religiosity and life satisfaction. At the individual level, nonbelief certainty, nonreligious identity, belief in science, secular sources of meaning in life, and nonreligious group memberships appear to be central to nonreligious individuals’ life satisfaction. These findings emphasize the need for considering interactions with context factors, for differentiating between (non)religious subgroups, for multidimensional conceptualizations of nonreligiosity beyond the mere absence of religiosity, and for testing for nonlinear relationships. When these aspects are included in empirical research, differences in the level of life satisfaction between religious and nonreligious individuals largely disappear.

中文翻译：

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复杂的简单：宗教信仰和非宗教信仰与生活满意度的关系

大多数先前的研究据称表明（非）宗教信仰和生活满意度之间存在稳定的线性关系，但对这些研究的回顾揭示了一种不太一致的关系以及一些概念和方法问题。最近的研究表明，某些政府法规、宗教信仰的社会规范和国家的社会发展水平与个人（非）宗教信仰和生活满意度之间的关系相互作用，从而增加了这种关系的复杂性。在个人层面，非信仰确定性、非宗教身份、对科学的信仰、生活意义的世俗来源以及非宗教团体成员身份似乎是非宗教个人生活满意度的核心。这些发现强调需要考虑与背景因素的相互作用，用于区分（非）宗教子群体，用于超越单纯缺乏宗教信仰的非宗教信仰的多维概念化，以及用于测试非线性关系。当这些方面被纳入实证研究时，宗教人士和非宗教人士之间的生活满意度差异就基本消失了。