Microglia, the main immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), categorized into M1-like phenotype and M2-like phenotype, play important roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. As a part of CNS, retinal microglial cells (RMC) play an important role in retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that DR is not only a microvascular disease but also retinal neurodegeneration. RMC was regarded as a central role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss RMC polarization and its possible regulatory factors in early DR, which will provide new targets and insights for early intervention of DR.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病视网膜病变中的视网膜小胶质细胞极化

小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的主要免疫细胞，分为 M1 样表型和 M2 样表型，在吞噬作用、细胞迁移、抗原呈递和细胞因子产生中起重要作用。作为中枢神经系统的一部分，视网膜小胶质细胞（RMC）在视网膜疾病中发挥着重要作用。糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一。最近的研究表明，DR不仅是一种微血管疾病，而且是一种视网膜神经退行性疾病。RMC 被认为在神经变性和神经炎症中起核心作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 RMC 极化及其在早期 DR 中可能的调节因素，这将为 DR 的早期干预提供新的目标和见解。