With the increased demand for unmanned driving technology and big-data transmission between vehicles, millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology, due to its characteristics of large bandwidth and low latency, is considered to be the key technology in future vehicular communication systems. Different from traditional cellular communication, the vehicular communication environment has the characteristics of long distance and high moving speed. However, the existing communication channel tests mostly select low-speed and small-range communication scenarios for testing. The test results are insufficient to provide good data support for the existing vehicular communication research; therefore, in this paper, we carry out a large number of channel measurements in mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) long-distance communication scenarios in the 41 GHz band. We study the received signal strength (RSS) in detail and find that the vibration features of RSS can be best modeled by the modified two-path model considering road roughness. Based on the obtained RSS, a novel close-in (CI) model considering the effect of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antenna heights (CI-TRH model) is developed. As for the channel characteristics, the distribution of the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is analyzed. We also extend the two-section exponential power delay profile (PDP) model to a more general form so that the distance-dependent features of the mmWave channel can be better modeled. Furthermore, the variation in both RMS delay spread and PDP shape parameters with TX-RX distance is analyzed. Analysis results show that TX and RX antenna heights have an effect on large-scale fading. Our modified two-path model, CI-TRH model, and two-section exponential PDP model are proved to be effective.

随着对无人驾驶技术和车辆之间大数据传输的需求的增加，毫米波（mmWave）技术由于其大带宽和低延迟的特性而被认为是未来车载通信系统中的关键技术。与传统的蜂窝通信不同，车载通信环境具有距离长，移动速度快的特点。但是，现有的通信通道测试大多选择低速和小范围的通信方案进行测试。测试结果不足以为现有的车辆通信研究提供良好的数据支持；因此，在本文中，我们在41 GHz频带的mmWave车对基础设施（V2I）长距离通信场景中进行了大量信道测量。我们对接收信号强度（RSS）进行了详细研究，发现考虑到道路不平整度，通过修改后的两路径模型可以最好地模拟RSS的振动特征。基于获得的RSS，考虑了发射器（TX）和接收器（RX）天线高度的影响，开发了一种新颖的近距离（CI）模型（CI-TRH模型）。至于信道特性，分析了均方根（RMS）延迟扩展的分布。我们还将两段式指数功率延迟分布（PDP）模型扩展为更通用的形式，以便可以更好地对mmWave通道的距离相关特征进行建模。此外，分析了RMS延迟扩展和PDP形状参数随TX-RX距离的变化。分析结果表明，TX和RX天线高度对大规模衰落有影响。