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Conditional sanctioning in a legume-Rhizobium mutualism [Plant Biology]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025760118
Annet Westhoek 1, 2 , Laura J Clark 1 , Michael Culbert 1 , Neil Dalchau 3 , Megan Griffiths 1 , Beatriz Jorrin 1 , Ramakrishnan Karunakaran 4 , Raphael Ledermann 1 , Andrzej Tkacz 1 , Isabel Webb 1 , Euan K James 5 , Philip S Poole 6 , Lindsay A Turnbull 6
Affiliation  

Legumes are high in protein and form a valuable part of human diets due to their interaction with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. Plants house rhizobia in specialized root nodules and provide the rhizobia with carbon in return for nitrogen. However, plants usually house multiple rhizobial strains that vary in their fixation ability, so the plant faces an investment dilemma. Plants are known to sanction strains that do not fix nitrogen, but nonfixers are rare in field settings, while intermediate fixers are common. Here, we modeled how plants should respond to an intermediate fixer that was otherwise isogenic and tested model predictions using pea plants. Intermediate fixers were only tolerated when a better strain was not available. In agreement with model predictions, nodules containing the intermediate-fixing strain were large and healthy when the only alternative was a nonfixer, but nodules of the intermediate-fixing strain were small and white when the plant was coinoculated with a more effective strain. The reduction in nodule size was preceded by a lower carbon supply to the nodule even before differences in nodule size could be observed. Sanctioned nodules had reduced rates of nitrogen fixation, and in later developmental stages, sanctioned nodules contained fewer viable bacteria than nonsanctioned nodules. This indicates that legumes can make conditional decisions, most likely by comparing a local nodule-dependent cue of nitrogen output with a global cue, giving them remarkable control over their symbiotic partners.



中文翻译:

豆科植物-根瘤菌共生中的有条件制裁 [植物生物学]

豆类蛋白质含量高,由于与称为根瘤菌的共生固氮细菌相互作用,因此成为人类饮食的重要组成部分。植物在专门的根瘤中容纳根瘤菌,并为根瘤菌提供碳以换取氮。然而,植物通常拥有多种根瘤菌菌株,它们的固定能力各不相同,因此植物面临着投资困境。众所周知,植物会制裁不固氮的菌株,但在田间环境中,非固氮菌很少见,而中间固氮菌很常见。在这里,我们模拟了植物应该如何响应中间固定剂,否则该中间固定剂是等基因的,并使用豌豆植物测试模型预测。只有在没有更好的菌株时才可以容忍中间固定剂。与模型预测一致,当唯一的选择是非固定剂时,含有中固定株的根瘤大而健康,但当植物与更有效的菌株共接种时,中固定株的根瘤小而白色。甚至在可以观察到结核尺寸的差异之前,结核尺寸的减小是在对结核的较低碳供应之前进行的。批准的结核固氮率降低,在发育后期,批准的结核比未批准的结核含有更少的活细菌。这表明豆科植物可以做出有条件的决定,最有可能是通过将氮输出的局部根瘤依赖性线索与全球线索进行比较,使它们能够显着地控制它们的共生伙伴。但是当植物与更有效的菌株共同接种时,中间固定菌株的根瘤小而白色。甚至在可以观察到结核尺寸的差异之前,结核尺寸的减小是在对结核的较低碳供应之前进行的。批准的结核固氮率降低,在发育后期,批准的结核比未批准的结核含有更少的活细菌。这表明豆科植物可以做出有条件的决定,最有可能是通过将氮输出的局部根瘤依赖性线索与全球线索进行比较,使它们能够显着地控制它们的共生伙伴。但是当植物与更有效的菌株共同接种时,中间固定菌株的根瘤小而白色。甚至在可以观察到结核尺寸的差异之前,结核尺寸的减小是在对结核的较低碳供应之前进行的。批准的结核固氮率降低,在发育后期,批准的结核比未批准的结核含有更少的活细菌。这表明豆科植物可以做出有条件的决定,最有可能是通过将氮输出的局部根瘤依赖性线索与全球线索进行比较,使它们能够显着地控制它们的共生伙伴。甚至在可以观察到结核尺寸的差异之前,结核尺寸的减小是在对结核的较低碳供应之前进行的。批准的结核固氮率降低,在发育后期,批准的结核比未批准的结核含有更少的活细菌。这表明豆科植物可以做出有条件的决定,最有可能是通过将氮输出的局部根瘤依赖性线索与全球线索进行比较,使它们能够显着地控制它们的共生伙伴。甚至在可以观察到结核尺寸的差异之前,结核尺寸的减小是在对结核的较低碳供应之前进行的。批准的结核固氮率降低,在发育后期,批准的结核比未批准的结核含有更少的活细菌。这表明豆科植物可以做出有条件的决定,最有可能是通过将氮输出的局部根瘤依赖性线索与全球线索进行比较,使它们能够显着地控制它们的共生伙伴。

更新日期:2021-05-03
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