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Anatomy of strike-slip fault tsunami genesis [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025632118
Ahmed Elbanna 1, 2 , Mohamed Abdelmeguid 1 , Xiao Ma 1 , Faisal Amlani 3 , Harsha S Bhat 4 , Costas Synolakis 5, 6 , Ares J Rosakis 7
Affiliation  

Tsunami generation from earthquake-induced seafloor deformations has long been recognized as a major hazard to coastal areas. Strike-slip faulting has generally been considered insufficient for triggering large tsunamis, except through the generation of submarine landslides. Herein, we demonstrate that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the generation of large tsunamis (>1 m), under rather generic conditions. To this end, we developed a computational framework that integrates models for earthquake rupture dynamics with models of tsunami generation and propagation. The three-dimensional time-dependent vertical and horizontal ground motions from spontaneous dynamic rupture models are used to drive boundary motions in the tsunami model. Our results suggest that supershear ruptures propagating along strike-slip faults, traversing narrow and shallow bays, are prime candidates for tsunami generation. We show that dynamic focusing and the large horizontal displacements, characteristic of strike-slip earthquakes on long faults, are critical drivers for the tsunami hazard. These findings point to intrinsic mechanisms for sizable tsunami generation by strike-slip faulting, which do not require complex seismic sources, landslides, or complicated bathymetry. Furthermore, our model identifies three distinct phases in the tsunamic motion, an instantaneous dynamic phase, a lagging coseismic phase, and a postseismic phase, each of which may affect coastal areas differently. We conclude that near-source tsunami hazards and risk from strike-slip faulting need to be re-evaluated.



中文翻译:

走滑断层海啸成因解剖 [地球、大气和行星科学]

长期以来,地震引起的海底变形引发的海啸一直被认为是沿海地区的主要危害。走滑断层一般被认为不足以引发大型海啸,除非产生海底滑坡。在这里,我们证明了在相当一般的条件下,由于走滑地震引起的地面运动会导致大型海啸(> 1 m)的产生。为此,我们开发了一个计算框架,将地震破裂动力学模型与海啸产生和传播模型相结合。来自自发动态破裂模型的三维时变垂直和水平地面运动用于驱动海啸模型中的边界运动。我们的结果表明,超剪切破裂沿走滑断层传播,穿越狭窄和浅海湾,是海啸发生的主要候选者。我们表明,动态聚焦和大水平位移,长断层上走滑地震的特征,是海啸灾害的关键驱动因素。这些发现指出了走滑断层产生大规模海啸的内在机制,不需要复杂的地震源、滑坡或复杂的水深测量。此外,我们的模型确定了海啸运动的三个不同阶段,即瞬时动态阶段、滞后同震阶段和震后阶段,每个阶段都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。我们表明,动态聚焦和大水平位移,长断层上走滑地震的特征,是海啸灾害的关键驱动因素。这些发现指出了走滑断层产生大规模海啸的内在机制,不需要复杂的地震源、滑坡或复杂的水深测量。此外,我们的模型确定了海啸运动的三个不同阶段,即瞬时动态阶段、滞后同震阶段和震后阶段,每个阶段都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。我们表明,动态聚焦和大水平位移,长断层上走滑地震的特征,是海啸灾害的关键驱动因素。这些发现指出了走滑断层产生大规模海啸的内在机制,不需要复杂的地震源、滑坡或复杂的水深测量。此外,我们的模型确定了海啸运动的三个不同阶段,即瞬时动态阶段、滞后同震阶段和震后阶段,每个阶段都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。这些发现指出了走滑断层产生大规模海啸的内在机制,不需要复杂的地震源、滑坡或复杂的水深测量。此外,我们的模型确定了海啸运动的三个不同阶段,即瞬时动态阶段、滞后同震阶段和震后阶段,每个阶段都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。这些发现指出了走滑断层产生大规模海啸的内在机制,不需要复杂的地震源、滑坡或复杂的水深测量。此外,我们的模型确定了海啸运动的三个不同阶段,即瞬时动态阶段、滞后同震阶段和震后阶段,每个阶段都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。每一个都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。每一个都可能对沿海地区产生不同的影响。我们得出的结论是,需要重新评估近源海啸灾害和走滑断层的风险。

更新日期:2021-05-03
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