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DNA-binding domain as the minimal region driving RNA-dependent liquid–liquid phase separation of androgen receptor
Protein Science ( IF 8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-02 , DOI: 10.1002/pro.4100
Junaid Ahmed 1, 2 , Attila Meszaros 1, 2 , Tamas Lazar 1, 2 , Peter Tompa 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates the transcription of genes involved in the development of testis, prostate and the nervous system. Misregulation of AR is a major driver of prostate cancer (PC). The primary agonist of full-length AR is testosterone, whereas its splice variants, for example, AR-v7 implicated in cancer may lack a ligand-binding domain and are thus devoid of proper hormonal control. Recently, it was demonstrated that full-length AR, but not AR-v7, can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in a cellular model of PC. In a detailed bioinformatics and deletion analysis, we have analyzed which AR region is responsible for LLPS. We found that its DNA-binding domain (DBD) can bind RNA and can undergo RNA-dependent LLPS. RNA regulates its LLPS in a reentrant manner, that is, it has an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. As RNA binds DBD more weakly than DNA, while both RNA and DNA localizes into AR droplets, its LLPS depends on the relative concentration of the two nucleic acids. The region immediately preceding DBD has no effect on the LLPS propensity of AR, whereas the functional part of its long N-terminal disordered transactivation domain termed activation function 1 (AF1) inhibits AR-v7 phase separation. We suggest that the resulting diminished LLPS tendency of AR-v7 may contribute to the misregulation of the transcription function of AR in prostate cancer.

中文翻译:

DNA结合域作为驱动雄激素受体的RNA依赖性液-液相分离的最小区域

雄激素受体 (AR) 是一种核激素受体,可调节参与睾丸、前列腺和神经系统发育的基因的转录。AR 的失调是前列腺癌 (PC) 的主要驱动因素。全长 AR 的主要激动剂是睾酮,而其剪接变体,例如与癌症有关的 AR-v7,可能缺乏配体结合结构域,因此缺乏适当的激素控制。最近,已经证明全长 AR 而非 AR-v7 可以在 PC 细胞模型中进行液-液相分离 (LLPS)。在详细的生物信息学和缺失分析中,我们分析了哪个 AR 区域负责 LLPS。我们发现它的 DNA 结合域 (DBD) 可以结合 RNA 并且可以经历 RNA 依赖性 LLPS。RNA 以一种可重入的方式调节其 LLPS,即 它在较高浓度下具有抑制作用。由于 RNA 与 DBD 的结合比 DNA 更弱,而 RNA 和 DNA 都定位于 AR 液滴中,其 LLPS 取决于两种核酸的相对浓度。DBD 之前的区域对 AR 的 LLPS 倾向没有影响,而其长 N 端无序反式激活域的功能部分称为激活功能 1 (AF1) 抑制 AR-v7 相分离。我们认为由此产生的 AR-v7 的 LLPS 趋势降低可能导致前列腺癌中 AR 转录功能的失调。DBD 之前的区域对 AR 的 LLPS 倾向没有影响,而其长 N 端无序反式激活域的功能部分称为激活功能 1 (AF1) 抑制 AR-v7 相分离。我们认为由此产生的 AR-v7 的 LLPS 趋势降低可能导致前列腺癌中 AR 转录功能的失调。DBD 之前的区域对 AR 的 LLPS 倾向没有影响,而其长 N 端无序反式激活域的功能部分称为激活功能 1 (AF1) 抑制 AR-v7 相分离。我们认为由此产生的 AR-v7 的 LLPS 趋势降低可能导致前列腺癌中 AR 转录功能的失调。
更新日期:2021-06-13
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