We explore the effect of using two-dimensional matter-wave vortices to confine an ensemble of bosonic quantum impurities. This is modeled theoretically using a mass-imbalanced homogeneous two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation where each component has independent atom numbers and equal atomic masses. By changing the mass imbalance of our system we find that the shape of the vortices is deformed even at modest imbalances, leading to barrel-shaped vortices, which we quantify using a multicomponent variational approach. The energy of impurity carrying vortex pairs is computed, revealing a mass-dependent energy splitting. We then compute the excited states of the impurity, which we in turn use to construct “covalent bonds” for vortex pairs. Our work opens a route to simulating synthetic chemical reactions with superfluid systems.

中文翻译：

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旋涡俘获的量子杂质的合成超流体化学

我们探索了使用二维物质波涡旋来限制一组玻色子量子杂质的效果。理论上，这是使用质量不平衡的均质两组分Gross-Pitaevskii方程建模的，其中每个组分具有独立的原子数和相等的原子质量。通过改变我们系统的质量不平衡，我们发现，即使在适度的不平衡下，涡流的形状也会变形，从而导致桶形的涡流，我们使用多分量变分方法对其进行量化。计算了携带杂质的涡流对的能量，揭示了质量相关的能量分裂。然后，我们计算杂质的激发态，然后将其用于构造涡旋对的“共价键”。我们的工作为模拟超流体系统的合成化学反应开辟了道路。