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Risk-Based Warning Decision Making of Cascade Breaching of the Tangjiashan Landslide Dam and Two Smaller Downstream Landslide Dams
Frontiers in Earth Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 , DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.648919
Yan Zhu , Ming Peng , Shuo Cai , Limin Zhang

Mega earthquakes or serious rainfall storms often cause crowded landslides in mountainous areas. A large part of these landslides are very likely blocking rivers and forming landslide dams in series along rivers. The risks of cascading failure of landslide dams are significantly different form that of a single dam. This paper presented the work on risk-based warning decision making on cascading breaching of the 2008 Tangjiashan landslide dam and two small downstream landslide dams in a series along Tongkou River. The optimal decision was made by achieving minimal expected total loss. Cascade breaching of a series of landslide dams is more likely to produce a multi-peak flood. When the coming of the breaching flood from the upstream dam perfectly overlaps with the dam breaching flood of the downstream dam, a higher overlapped peak flood would occur. When overlapped-peak flood occurs, the flood risk would be larger and evacuation warning needs to be issued earlier to avoid serious life loss and flood damages. When multi-peak flood occurs, people may be misled by the warning of the previous peak flood and suddenly attacked by the peak flood thereafter, incurring catastrophic loss. Systematical decision making needs to be conducted to sufficiently concern the risk caused by each peak of the breaching flood. The dam failure probability Pf linearly influences the expected life loss and flood damage, but does not influence the evacuation cost. The expected total loss significantly decrease with Pf when the warning time was insufficient. However, it would not change much with Pf when warning time is sufficient.

中文翻译:

唐家山滑坡大坝和两个下游小滑坡大坝级联破坏的基于风险的预警决策

特大地震或严重的降雨暴风雨通常会在山区引起拥挤的山体滑坡。这些滑坡的很大一部分很可能会阻塞河​​流,并沿河流形成一系列的滑坡水坝。滑坡大坝级联破坏的风险与单个大坝的形式大不相同。本文介绍了基于风险的预警决策方法,该决策依据了沿塘口河的一系列串联的2008年唐家山滑坡大坝和两个下游小滑坡大坝的破坏行为。通过实现最小的预期总损失来做出最佳决策。级联突破一系列滑坡水坝更有可能引发多峰洪水。当上游大坝的溃决洪水与下游大坝的溃决洪水完全重叠时,将会出现更高的重叠洪峰。当出现峰值洪灾时,洪灾风险会更大,因此需要及早发出疏散警告,以免造成严重的生命损失和洪灾损失。当发生多峰洪灾时,人们可能会被先前洪灾的警告所误导,然后突然受到洪灾的袭击,从而造成灾难性的损失。需要进行系统的决策,以充分关注由突破洪灾的每个高峰造成的风险。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。洪水风险将会更大,因此需要及早发出疏散警告,以避免严重的生命损失和洪水破坏。当发生多峰洪灾时,人们可能会被先前洪灾的警告所误导,然后突然受到洪灾的袭击,从而造成灾难性的损失。需要进行系统的决策,以充分关注由突破洪灾的每个高峰造成的风险。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。洪水风险将会更大,因此需要及早发出疏散警告,以避免严重的生命损失和洪水破坏。当发生多峰洪灾时,人们可能会被先前洪灾的警告所误导,然后突然受到洪灾的袭击,从而造成灾难性的损失。需要进行系统的决策,以充分考虑到洪水泛滥的每个高峰所带来的风险。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。人们可能会被先前洪灾的警告所误导,然后突然被洪灾所袭击,从而造成灾难性的损失。需要进行系统的决策,以充分关注由突破洪灾的每个高峰造成的风险。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。人们可能会被先前洪灾的警告所误导,然后突然被洪灾所袭击,从而造成灾难性的损失。需要进行系统的决策,以充分关注由突破洪灾的每个高峰造成的风险。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。大坝的破坏概率Pf线性影响预期寿命损失和洪水损害,但不影响撤离成本。当警告时间不足时,预期的总损耗会随着Pf显着降低。但是,当警告时间足够时,Pf不会有太大变化。
更新日期:2021-05-03
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