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Characterization of reliability of anti-soiling coatings using tapping mode-AFM phase imaging
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 , DOI: 10.1063/5.0039255
Sonali Bhaduri 1, 2 , Sudhanshu Mallick 1, 3 , Narendra Shiradkar 1, 4 , Anil Kottantharayil 1, 4
Affiliation  

Power loss due to dust deposition on photovoltaic (PV) modules (also referred to as soiling) is a severe challenge to the economic viability of PV deployment in sunbelt countries like India and the Middle East. Anti-soiling coatings are nano/micrometer thick transparent coatings, which mitigate dust deposition on PV module. In this study, Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (TM-AFM) phase imaging was used to characterize the surface changes of four different commercial hydrophobic anti-soiling coatings as they were subjected to outdoor field exposure tests and three different indoor accelerated stress tests. The anti-soiling coatings were applied via manual spray coating method on solar glass substrates. The phase angle for not-coated glass shows a tight distribution around zero. The phase angle distribution of coated surface showed a larger spread. When the coatings were subjected to different environmental stressors, the phase angle distributions became tighter and, in some cases, collapsed to tight distributions around zero, indicating that the coatings were partly or completely removed from the glass surface. We demonstrate a correlation of the changes in surface coverage identified from phase angle distributions to contact angle and surface roughness, thus establishing TM-AFM phase imaging as a promising approach to characterize anti-soiling coatings subjected to environmental stress. While the analysis of the phase angle distribution is able to resolve the removal of the coating, contact angle and surface roughness cannot do so unambiguously.

中文翻译:

攻丝模式-AFM相成像表征防污涂料的可靠性

由于灰尘在光伏(PV)模块上的沉积(也称为污染)而造成的功率损耗,对在印度和中东等防晒带国家中部署PV的经济可行性提出了严峻的挑战。防污涂层是纳米/微米厚的透明涂层,可减轻灰尘在光伏组件上的沉积。在这项研究中,使用拍击模式原子力显微镜(TM-AFM)相成像来表征四种不同的商用疏水性防污涂层的表面变化,这些涂层分别经受了室外场暴露测试和三种不同的室内加速应力测试。通过手动喷涂方法将防污涂料涂在太阳能玻璃基板上。未镀膜玻璃的相角在零附近呈紧密分布。涂层表面的相角分布表现出较大的扩展。当涂层受到不同的环境压力时,相角分布变得更紧密,并且在某些情况下,塌陷到接近零的紧密分布,这表明涂层已部分或完全从玻璃表面去除。我们证明了从相角分布到接触角和表面粗糙度的表面覆盖率变化的相关性,从而建立了TM-AFM相成像技术,作为表征承受环境应力的防污涂料的一种有前途的方法。虽然对相角分布的分析能够解决涂层的去除问题,但接触角和表面粗糙度却不能做到这一点。相角分布变得更紧密,并且在某些情况下,塌陷到接近零的紧密分布,这表明涂层已部分或完全从玻璃表面去除。我们证明了从相角分布到接触角和表面粗糙度的表面覆盖率变化的相关性,从而建立了TM-AFM相成像技术,作为表征承受环境应力的防污涂料的一种有前途的方法。虽然对相角分布的分析能够解决涂层的去除问题,但接触角和表面粗糙度却不能做到这一点。相角分布变得更紧密,在某些情况下,塌陷到接近零的紧密分布,这表明涂层已部分或完全从玻璃表面去除。我们证明了从相角分布到接触角和表面粗糙度的表面覆盖率变化的相关性,从而建立了TM-AFM相成像技术,作为表征承受环境应力的防污涂料的一种有前途的方法。虽然对相角分布的分析能够解决涂层的去除问题,但接触角和表面粗糙度却不能做到这一点。我们证明了从相角分布到接触角和表面粗糙度的表面覆盖率变化的相关性,从而建立了TM-AFM相成像技术,作为表征承受环境应力的防污涂料的一种有前途的方法。虽然对相角分布的分析能够解决涂层的去除问题,但接触角和表面粗糙度却不能做到这一点。我们证明了从相角分布到接触角和表面粗糙度的表面覆盖率变化的相关性,从而建立了TM-AFM相成像技术,作为表征承受环境应力的防污涂料的一种有前途的方法。虽然对相角分布的分析能够解决涂层的去除问题,但接触角和表面粗糙度却不能做到这一点。
更新日期:2021-05-03
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