ABSTRACT

Background

Evidence on the prevalence and determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT), and alcohol consumption between slums and non-slums are quite limited.

Methods

Using sub-samples from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16), prevalence and determinants of tobacco and alcohol use were estimated in eight Indian megacities (Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, and Nagpur) by residence and sex using binary logistic regression analyses. Inter-and intra-city differences in both forms of tobacco and alcohol by residence were assessed using interaction effect analysis.

Results

Strong intra-urban disparity in tobacco and alcohol use was observed. Both forms of tobacco use were higher among men and women residing in slum areas. Despite alcohol use being higher among men from non-slum areas (33.1%) compared to those from slum areas (27.7%), the likelihood of alcohol use was higher among men residing in slums (OR = 1.37;95%CI:1.06–1.77). Higher odds of SLT use were observed among men and women from slums than in non-slum areas. Both forms of tobacco use were higher in slums from North, East, and West Indian cities, whereas alcohol use was higher among males from East and South Indian cities.

Conclusions

Continuous monitoring of tobacco and alcohol use in slums is warranted to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.

中文翻译：

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贫民窟和非贫民窟成年人烟酒使用的差异：来自印度八个特大城市的性别分层研究

摘要

背景

关于吸烟和无烟烟草 (SLT) 的流行率和决定因素以及贫民窟和非贫民窟之间的酒精消费的证据非常有限。

方法

使用来自全国家庭健康调查（2015-16 年）的子样本，估计了印度八个特大城市（钦奈、德里、海得拉巴、印多尔、加尔各答、密拉特、孟买和那格浦尔）的烟草和酒精使用流行率和决定因素（按居住地）和性别使用二元逻辑回归分析。使用交互效应分析评估了居住地在两种形式的烟草和酒精方面的城市间和城市内差异。

结果

观察到烟草和酒精使用的显着城市内差异。居住在贫民窟地区的男性和女性使用两种形式的烟草都较高。尽管与来自贫民窟地区的男性（27.7%）相比，非贫民区男性的酒精使用率（33.1%）更高，但居住在贫民窟的男性饮酒的可能性更高（OR = 1.37；95%CI：1.06– 1.77)。与非贫民区相比，贫民窟的男性和女性使用 SLT 的几率更高。在印度北部、东部和西部城市的贫民窟中，两种形式的烟草使用都较高，而在印度东部和南部城市的男性中，酒精使用率较高。

结论

有必要持续监测贫民窟的烟草和酒精使用情况，以实现可持续发展目标。