Marine Pollution Bulletin ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112437 William D. Halliday , David Barclay , Amanda N. Barkley , Emmanuelle Cook , Jackie Dawson , R. Casey Hilliard , Nigel E. Hussey , Joshua M. Jones , Francis Juanes , Marianne Marcoux , Andrea Niemi , Shannon Nudds , Matthew K. Pine , Clark Richards , Kevin Scharffenberg , Kristin Westdal , Stephen J. Insley
The Arctic has been a refuge from anthropogenic underwater noise; however, climate change has caused summer sea ice to diminish, allowing for unprecedented access and the potential for increased underwater noise. Baseline underwater sound levels must be quantified to monitor future changes and manage underwater noise in the Arctic. We analyzed 39 passive acoustic datasets collected throughout the Canadian Arctic from 2014 to 2019 using statistical models to examine spatial and temporal trends in daily mean sound pressure levels (SPL) and quantify environmental and anthropogenic drivers of SPL. SPL (50–1000 Hz) ranged from 70 to 127 dB re 1 μPa (median = 91 dB). SPL increased as wind speed increased, but decreased as both ice concentration and air temperature increased, and SPL increased as the number of ships per day increased. This study provides a baseline for underwater sound levels in the Canadian Arctic and fills many geographic gaps on published underwater sound levels.
中文翻译:
2014–2019年加拿大北极地区的水下声级
北极一直是人为水下噪音的避难所。但是,气候变化导致夏季海冰减少,从而使空前的进入和潜在的水下噪音增加成为可能。必须量化基线水下声级,以监视未来的变化并管理北极的水下噪声。我们使用统计模型分析了2014年至2019年加拿大北极地区收集的39个无源声学数据集,以检查每日平均声压级(SPL)的时空趋势并量化SPL的环境和人为驱动因素。SPL(50–1000 Hz)的范围为70至127 dB,相对于1μPa(中值= 91 dB)。SPL随着风速的增加而增加,但随着冰浓度和空气温度的增加而减少,而SPL随着每天船数的增加而增加。