The nutrition disorders in the children’s population, in the form of malnutrition, as well as overweight and obesity constitute a significant clinical problem in the contemporary world. As a result of the improper way of children’s nutrition, their physical and mental development becomes dysfunctional, which leads in their adult life to serious health consequences, among others, complications of cardiovascular system, metabolic and endocrinological and disorders, improper development of osteoarticular system and mental diseases and social withdrawal. Five hundred eighty-nine parents of children aged 10–13 participated in the survey questionnaire, where 304 respondents were constituted by girls (51.61%); however, the remaining 285 people were represented by boys (48.39%). It turned out that overweight and obesity concern approximately 44% of respondents; however, approximately 22% of children have too low body weight in relation to age and sex. While analysing dietary habits, it was observed that main meals are not consumed by all children; breakfast is consumed by approximately 90% of respondents, packed lunch just by 70% and lunch and supper by 90% of respondents. In the course of subsequent analyses, it turned out that over ¾ of respondents declared that their child drinks mineral water every day, only approximately 44% of them drink milk every day; however, almost 18% of children reach for sweet drinks. Children eat sweet or salty snacks too often (over 55% every day or several times a week), resigning from consuming fruit and vegetables (just half of respondents every day), fish and brown bread (below 30% of children eat these products less than once a week); every fifth child dedicates less than 3 h to physical activity, 39% of respondents do exercise from 3 to 5 h a week, the next 25% from 5 to 10 h. It was observed in the analysed population that over half of them struggle with the degree of nutrition disorders in the form of overweight and obesity or malnutrition. We may conclude, based on the obtained results, that children have inappropriate dietary habits, consuming too small quantities of fruit and vegetables, brown bread, fish and drinking improper quantities of water and milk. Repeatedly, they replace these full-value products by consuming sweets and salty snacks and by drinking sweet drinks, they also more and more often reach for processed food in fast food bars. What is worrying, it was also observed that in the analysed population, children dedicate too little of their free time to physical activity and additional physical activities.

中文翻译：

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对西里西亚省（波兰）部分农村和城市地区10-13岁儿童的营养，饮食习惯和体育锻炼的程度进行分析

营养不良形式的儿童人群中的营养失调以及超重和肥胖是当今世界的重要临床问题。由于儿童营养方式不当，他们的身心发展会变得功能失调，从而导致他们的成年生活严重危害健康，其中包括心血管系统并发症，代谢和内分泌和疾病，骨关节系统发展不当以及精神疾病和社会退缩。调查问卷中有589位10-13岁儿童的父母，其中304位受访者由女孩组成（51.61％）；但是，其余285人中有男孩（48.39％）。事实证明，超重和肥胖症约占44％。但是，大约22％的儿童相对于年龄和性别而言体重过低。在分析饮食习惯时，观察到并非所有儿童都食用主餐。大约90％的受访者食用早餐，盒装午餐仅占70％，午餐和晚餐则占90％。在随后的分析过程中，结果表明，超过3/4的受访者宣称他们的孩子每天喝矿泉水，其中只有大约44％的孩子每天喝牛奶；但是，几乎18％的儿童可以喝到甜饮料。孩子们经常吃甜或咸的零食（每天或每周几次，占55％以上），从食用水果和蔬菜中辞职（每天只有一半的受访者），鱼和黑面包（30％以下的儿童每周吃这些产品的次数少于一次）；每五分之一的孩子不到3小时就进行体育锻炼，39％的受访者每周锻炼3至5个小时，接下来的25％则是5至10小时。在所分析的人群中观察到，其中超过一半的人以超重，肥胖或营养不良的形式在营养失调的程度上挣扎。根据获得的结果，我们可以得出结论，儿童的饮食习惯不适当，食用的水果和蔬菜，黑面包，鱼的数量过少，以及饮水和牛奶的数量不当。他们不断地通过食用甜食和咸味零食并喝甜饮料来代替这些全价产品，而且它们越来越多地在快餐店中获取加工食品。令人担心的是