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Alternative flowers affect model and mimic flower discrimination performance of bumblebees
Functional Ecology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13817
Shohei G. Tsujimoto 1, 2 , Hiroshi S. Ishii 1
Affiliation  

  1. Some animal-pollinated flowers produce no rewards but attract pollinators by imitating rewarding flowers. Termed Batesian floral mimicry, this phenomenon has generally been understood in terms of a common system of the organisms performing one of three roles as model flowers, mimic flowers or signal receivers (a Batesian mimicry trinity). However, organisms other than those of the mimicry trinity may play important roles in the relationships of the trinity members.
  2. This study examined the effect of alternative flowers that are dissimilar to either model or mimic flowers on bumblebee discrimination between model and mimic flowers. To this end, we observed bumblebees Bombus ignitus (Smith), foraging in mixed arrays of artificial flowers mirroring either model, mimic or alternative flowers.
  3. Bumblebees’ ability to discriminate mimic from model flowers was impacted by the presence of alternative flowers; however, the effect was dependent on the similarity between the model and mimic flowers. This might occur because the presence of alternative flowers imposed an additional cognitive load on the bees’ working memory.
  4. Our study suggests that alternative flowers in a community may have beneficial effects on mimic flowers by reducing the discrimination performance of pollinators. A variety of environmental factors that impose complex sensory inputs on pollinators’ working memory might have contributed to the maintenance of Batesian floral mimicry.


中文翻译:

替代花影响模型和模拟大黄蜂的花辨别性能

  1. 一些动物授粉的花朵不会产生奖励,而是通过模仿有奖励的花朵来吸引传粉者。称为贝茨花卉拟态,这种现象通常被理解为生物体的共同系统,其执行三种角色之一,即模型花、拟态花或信号接收器(贝氏拟态三位一体)。然而,拟态三位一体以外的生物可能在三位一体成员的关系中发挥重要作用。
  2. 这项研究检查了与模型花或模拟花不同的替代花对模型花和模拟花之间的大黄蜂辨别力的影响。为此,我们观察到大黄蜂Bombus ignitus (Smith),它们在模拟花、拟花或替代花的混合人造花阵列中觅食。
  3. 大黄蜂区分模拟花和模型花的能力受到替代花的影响;然而,效果取决于模型和模拟花之间的相似性。这可能是因为替代花的存在给蜜蜂的工作记忆带来了额外的认知负担。
  4. 我们的研究表明,社区中的替代花可能通过降低传粉者的辨别能力对模拟花产生有益影响。对传粉者的工作记忆施加复杂的感官输入的各种环境因素可能有助于维持 Batesian 花卉模仿。
更新日期:2021-07-07
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