Plastic is a ubiquitous material used across the globe. It is easily transported to various habitats and can then be ingested by animals, with the potential to bioaccumulate up the food chain further. Although classified as solid waste, some plastics can be considered hazardous waste due to the chemicals used in the production process and those that can be adsorbed, such as hydrophobic pollutants in seawater. Plastics can break down into secondary particulate plastics, or be microscopically primary plastics, smaller than 5 mm. Marine organisms of all sizes can mistake plastic for food or consume prey with microplastics. This can cause detrimental toxic effects at a cellular, biochemical, and muscular level. This research uses a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method to determine the most common polymers, hazardous chemicals, and marine organisms to ingest microplastic and incur ecotoxicological consequences. The results indicated polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) to be the topmost common polymers, with sizes between 1 and 100 μm. Plastic was observed to be a sink for non-additive pollutants more than a vector. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were the most common pollutants found. Biological impacts and side effects included mortality, reproductive effects, genotoxicity, accumulation, and behavioral effects. Further research is needed regarding the interrelationship of plastic polymers, additives, and non-additives combined for inducing toxic effects.

塑料是一种遍及全球的无处不在的材料。它很容易运输到各种栖息地，然后可以被动物摄取，并有可能在食物链中进一步生物富集。尽管归类为固体废物，但由于生产过程中使用的化学物质和可被吸附的化学物质（例如海水中的疏水性污染物），某些塑料仍被视为危险废物。塑料可以分解为小于5毫米的次生颗粒状塑料，或者在微观上为主要的塑料。各种规模的海洋生物都可能将塑料误认为食物或与微塑料一起食用。这可能在细胞，生化和肌肉水平上造成有害的毒性作用。这项研究使用系统的定量文献综述（SQLR）方法来确定最常见的聚合物，危险化学品，和海洋生物摄入微塑料并招致生态毒理后果。结果表明，聚乙烯（PE），聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）是尺寸最高的常见聚合物，尺寸在1至100μm之间。观察到塑料比载体更能吸收非添加剂污染物。持久性有机污染物（POPs）是最常见的污染物。生物影响和副作用包括死亡率，生殖影响，遗传毒性，蓄积和行为影响。关于塑料聚合物，添加剂和非添加剂组合以引起毒性的相互关系还需要进一步的研究。聚苯乙烯（PS）是最常见的聚合物，尺寸在1至100μm之间。观察到塑料比载体更能吸收非添加剂污染物。持久性有机污染物（POPs）是最常见的污染物。生物影响和副作用包括死亡率，生殖影响，遗传毒性，蓄积和行为影响。关于塑料聚合物，添加剂和非添加剂组合以引起毒性的相互关系还需要进一步的研究。聚苯乙烯（PS）是最常见的聚合物，尺寸在1至100μm之间。观察到塑料比载体更能吸收非添加剂污染物。持久性有机污染物（POPs）是最常见的污染物。生物影响和副作用包括死亡率，生殖影响，遗传毒性，蓄积和行为影响。关于塑料聚合物，添加剂和非添加剂组合以引起毒性的相互关系还需要进一步的研究。