Soil micro-ecological imbalance is one of the critical factors associated with peach replanting issues. In an effort to understand the primary driving force in shaping soil microbial community, we analyzed soil nutrient, pH value, and autotoxin benzoic acid (BA) content, as well as rhizosphere microbial structure of peach seedlings grown in replanted soil (RS) and non-replanted soil (NS), both of which were collected from a same orchard. The results showed that depletion of soil nutrients, decreased soil pH, the accumulation of BA, and the deterioration of the soil microbial community were consistently detected in RS compared with NS, and led to the poor growth performance of peach seedlings. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the soil microbial composition differed significantly between the NS and RS samples. Over time, the rhizosphere microbes of peach seedlings in RS and NS exhibited a similar trend of increasing bacterial richness and decreasing fungal richness. Interestingly, the NS had a high level of Bacillus and Ascobolus, whereas the RS enriched with Burkholderia and pathogenic Fusarium. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis revealed that soil nutrient and pH predominated the microbial composition of NS, whereas high level of soil BA played a crucial role in forming the microbial composition of RS. Altogether, this study provides a novel insight into better understanding of soil bacterial and fungal community structure in the RS, and aid in developing more effective means to alleviate the peach replant problem.

土壤微生态失衡是与桃树再植问题相关的关键因素之一。为了了解塑造土壤微生物群落的主要驱动力，我们分析了土壤养分，pH值和自毒素苯甲酸（BA）含量，以及在再种植的土壤（RS）和非土壤中生长的桃苗的根际微生物结构。种植土壤（NS），两者均从同一果园收集。结果表明，与NS相比，在RS中一致地检测到土壤养分耗竭，pH降低，BA的积累和土壤微生物群落的退化，这导致桃苗的生长性能较差。高通量测序分析表明，NS和RS样品之间的土壤微生物组成存在显着差异。随着时间的推移，RS和NS上桃苗的根际微生物表现出相似的增加细菌富集和减少真菌富集的趋势。有趣的是，NS的芽孢杆菌和Ascobolus，而RS丰富的伯克霍尔德病和病原镰刀菌。此外，规范的对应分析表明，土壤养分和pH值是NS微生物组成的主要成分，而高水平的土壤BA在形成RS的微生物成分中起着至关重要的作用。总之，这项研究为更好地了解RS中的土壤细菌和真菌群落结构提供了新的见解，并有助于开发减轻桃子再植问题的更有效手段。