Low-cost composites with high water absorption capacity were prepared by free radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and gelatin in aqueous media using N,N' methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and rice husk (RH) as a filler. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different parameters such as the alkaline treatment on the rice husk, the media pH and salinity and the composition of the composites on their water absorption capacity were investigated. The water retention and biodegradation tests in soil were also carried out. The optimized composite containing treated RH showed a maximum water uptake value of 825 g∙g⁻¹ in distilled water and good resistance in saline solutions and in the pH range of 6–10. Positive effects on the soil water retention were obtained after 30 days samples of soil containing 1 wt% of superabsorbent composites still contained about 7% of the initial absorbed water. Growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and nodulation traits of droughted peanut were improved by 60 kg∙ha⁻¹ dosage of SAC. On the basis of the good results of water retention and controlled biodegradability in the soil, the developed composites have the potential to be used in agriculture for better water management, with relevant environmental benefits.

通过使用N，N'亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）作为交联剂，过硫酸钾（KPS）在水介质中进行丙烯酸（AA），丙烯酰胺（AM）和明胶的自由基共聚反应，制得低成本，高吸水率的复合材料。 ）作为引发剂，稻壳（RH）作为填充剂。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR），热重分析（TGA）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料进行表征。研究了碱处理等不同参数对稻壳，培养基pH和盐度以及复合材料组成对其吸水率的影响。还进行了土壤中的保水和生物降解测试。含有经过处理的RH的优化复合材料的最大吸水值为825 g∙g ^-1在蒸馏水中，在盐溶液中和在6-10的pH范围内具有良好的抵抗力。30天后，含有1 wt％的超吸收性复合材料的土壤样品仍含有约7％的初始吸收水，从而对土壤保水率产生了积极影响。施用60 kg∙ha ^-1的SAC可以改善干旱花生的生长特性，光合色素和结瘤性状。基于在土壤中保水和可控制的生物降解的良好结果，开发的复合材料具有用于农业的更好的水管理潜力，并具有相关的环境效益。