(1) Background: Biological treatment of leachate in landfill sites using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is challenging because of the intrinsic characteristics of this complex wastewater. In this work, the scale-up and subsequent full-scale implementation of the PANAMMOX^® technology (LEQUIA Research Group, Girona, Catalonia, Spain) are presented as a case study to achieve long-term nitrogen (N) removal from mature leachate mostly through a completely autotrophic pathway. (2) Methods: The treatment system consists of two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) running in series to individually operate partial nitritation (PN) and anammox (A). Following biological treatment, physicochemical oxidation (i.e., Fenton-based process) was used to remove the remaining non-biodegradable organic matter. A cost analysis comparative was conducted in relation to the former technology used on-site for treating the leachate. (3) Results: The scale-up of the process from pilot- to full-scale was successfully achieved, finally reaching an average removal of 7.4 kg N/d. The composition of the leachate changed over time, but especially once the landfill site stopped receiving solid waste (this fact involved a marked increase in the strength of the leachate). The adjustment of the alkalinity-to-ammonium ratio before feeding PN-SBR helped to improve the N-removal efficiency. Values of conductivity above 25 mS/cm in A-SBR could negatively affect the performance of the anammox process, making it necessary to consider a dilution strategy according to the on-line monitoring of this parameter. The analysis of the operational costs showed that by implementing the PANAMMOX^® technology (LEQUIA Research Group, Girona, Catalonia, Spain) in the landfill site, savings up to 32% were achievable. (4) Conclusions: Treatment of mature landfill leachate in such a two-stage PN-A system was demonstrated as feasible and economically appealing despite the complexity of this industrial wastewater. Accurate expert supervision of the process was a key factor to reaching good performances.

中文翻译：

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大规模两阶段部分硝化厌氧氨氧化系统处理垃圾渗滤液的规模化和长期运行

（1）背景：由于厌氧铵氧化（anammox）在垃圾填埋场中对渗滤液进行生物处理具有挑战性，因为这种复杂废水具有内在的特性。在这项工作中，规模的扩大和随后的全面实施PANAMMOX的^®案例研究（LEQUIA研究小组，西班牙加泰罗尼亚赫罗纳的赫罗纳）作为案例研究，主要通过完全自养途径实现了从成熟沥滤液中长期去除氮（N）。（2）方法：该处理系统由两个顺序运行的间歇式反应器（SBR）组成，分别运行部分硝化（PN）和厌氧氨（A）。经过生物处理后，使用物理化学氧化法（即基于Fenton的方法）去除了残留的不可生物降解的有机物。与现场处理渗滤液所用的前一种技术进行了成本分析比较。（3）结果：成功实现了从中规模到满规模的工艺放大，最终平均去除量为7.4 kg N / d。渗滤液的组成随时间变化，但尤其是一旦垃圾填埋场停止接收固体废物（这一事实涉及渗滤液强度的显着提高）。进料PN-SBR之前碱度/铵比的调节有助于提高脱氮效率。A-SBR中高于25 mS / cm的电导率值可能会对厌氧氨氧化工艺的性能产生负面影响，因此有必要根据对该参数的在线监测来考虑稀释策略。对运营成本的分析表明，通过实施PANAMMOX A-SBR中高于25 mS / cm的电导率值可能会对厌氧氨氧化工艺的性能产生负面影响，因此有必要根据对该参数的在线监测来考虑稀释策略。对运营成本的分析表明，通过实施PANAMMOX A-SBR中高于25 mS / cm的电导率值可能会对厌氧氨氧化工艺的性能产生负面影响，因此有必要根据对该参数的在线监测来考虑稀释策略。对运营成本的分析表明，通过实施PANAMMOX^®技术（LEQUIA Research Group，西班牙加泰罗尼亚赫罗纳的赫罗纳），可节省多达32％的费用。（4）结论：尽管工业废水很复杂，但在这样的两阶段PN-A系统中处理成熟的垃圾渗滤液被证明是可行的，并且在经济上具有吸引力。专家对过程的准确监督是达到良好性能的关键因素。