The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of two important medicinal plants (Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale) on the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita. After a dietary intervention, mucus was tested against five pathogenic bacteria (in-vitro), while experimental fish were tested against the ectoparasite (Lernaea) (in-vivo). Our results revealed that all fish groups fed with different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%) of Z. officinale had low molecular weight proteins and did not develop any significant signs of parasitic infection, with low mortality rate; whereas the groups that were fed with W. coagulans (particularly with 1% and 2%), including a control group, developed rapid signs of infection with high mortality rate. The highest hemagglutination titer value was recorded for the fish fed with 1% and 1.5% of Z. officinale. The lowest value was found for the fish fed with 2% of W. coagulans. The mucus of all fish of fortified groups was active and inhibited the growth of tested bacterial pathogens as compared to the control group. Further, Z. officinale groups showed greater efficacy against bacteria as compared to the W. coagulans groups. In conclusion, Z. officinale can be considered as a potential and functional ingredient in aquaculture feed. Furthermore, future studies should be conducted to investigate more details on the subject.

中文翻译：

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植物提取物强化饲料对生根的第一个物理屏障（粘液）的影响

本研究的目的是评估两种浓度不同的两种重要药用植物（Withania glutans和Zingiber officinale）的两种不同的强化饲料对roeota黏膜免疫的影响。在饮食干预之后，对粘液进行了五种病原菌的测试（体外），对实验鱼进行了体外寄生虫（Lernaea）的测试（对体内）。我们的研究结果表明，所有饲喂不同浓度（1％，1.5％和2％）的Z. officinale的鱼群均具有低分子量蛋白质，并且没有出现任何明显的寄生虫感染迹象，死亡率较低。而以凝结W.（特别是1％和2％）（包括对照组）出现了迅速的感染迹象，死亡率很高。饲喂1％和1.5％的Z.officinale的鱼的血凝滴度最高。饲喂2％的凝结线虫的鱼的最低值。与对照组相比，强化组所有鱼的粘液均具有活性，并抑制了被测细菌病原体的生长。此外，与凝结线虫组相比，officinale Z.组显示出更大的抗细菌功效。最后，Z。officinale可以被认为是水产养殖饲料中潜在的功能性成分。此外，应该进行进一步的研究以调查有关该主题的更多细节。