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Joint obfuscation of location and its semantic information for privacy protection
Computers & Security ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2021.102310
Behnaz Bostanipour , George Theodorakopoulos

Location-based social networks (LBSNs) such as Foursquare and Facebook enable users to share with each other, their (geographical) locations together with the semantic information associated with their locations. The semantic information captures the type of a location and is usually represented by a semantic tag like “restaurant”, “museum”, “school”, etc. Semantic tag sharing increases the threat to users’ location privacy (which is already at risk because of location sharing) and it also puts users’ semantic location privacy at risk. The existing solution to protect the location privacy and the semantic location privacy of users in such LBSNs is to obfuscate the location and the semantic tag independently of each other in a so called disjoint obfuscation approach. Thus, in this approach, the semantic tag is obfuscated i.e., replaced by a more general tag. Also, the location is obfuscated i.e., replaced by a generalized area (called the cloaking area) made of the actual location and some of its nearby locations. However, since in this approach the location obfuscation is performed in a semantic-oblivious manner, an adversary can still increase his chance to infer the actual location and the actual semantic tag by filtering out the locations in the cloaking area that are not semantically compatible with the obfuscated semantic tag. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a joint obfuscation approach in which the location obfuscation is performed based on the result of the semantic tag obfuscation. We also provide a formal framework for evaluation and comparison of our joint approach with the disjoint approach. By running an experimental evaluation on a dataset of real-world user traces collected from six different cities, we show that in almost all cases (i.e., in different cities and with different obfuscation parameters), the joint approach outperforms the disjoint approach in terms of location privacy protection and the semantic location privacy protection. Based on the evaluation results, we also discuss how different obfuscation parameters and the choice of the city can affect the performance of the obfuscation approaches. In particular, we show how changing these parameters can improve the performance of the joint approach.



中文翻译:

联合混淆位置及其语义信息以保护隐私

诸如Foursquare和Facebook之类的基于位置的社交网络(LBSN)使用户可以彼此共享其(地理位置)位置以及与其位置相关联的语义信息。语义信息捕获位置的类型,通常由语义标签(如“餐厅”,“博物馆”,“学校”等)表示。语义标签共享增加了对用户位置隐私的威胁(因为位置共享),并且还为用户提供语义上的位置隐私权有风险。在这样的LBSN中,保护用户的位置隐私和语义位置隐私的现有解决方案是以所谓的不相交混淆方法彼此独立地混淆位置和语义标签。因此,在这种方法中,语义标签被混淆,即被更通用的标签代替。而且,该位置是模糊的,即被广义区域(称为隐身区域)代替)由实际位置及其附近的一些位置组成。但是,由于在这种方法中,位置混淆是以语义上无意识的方式执行的,因此对手仍然可以通过过滤掉隐身区域中与语义上不兼容的位置来增加其推断实际位置和实际语义标签的机会。混淆的语义标签。在这项工作中,我们通过提出一种联合混淆方法来解决这个问题其中基于语义标签混淆的结果执行位置混淆。我们还提供了一个正式的框架,用于评估和比较我们的联合方法与不联合方法。通过对从六个不同城市收集的真实世界用户跟踪数据集进行实验评估,我们表明,在几乎所有情况下(即在不同城市和具有不同混淆参数),联合方法在以下方面均优于不相交方法:位置隐私保护和语义位置隐私保护。基于评估结果,我们还讨论了不同的混淆参数和城市选择如何影响混淆方法的性能。特别是,我们展示了如何更改这些参数可以改善联合方法的性能。

更新日期:2021-05-24
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