It is shown that higher order Laue zone (HOLZ) rings in high energy electron diffraction are specific to individual columns of atoms, and show different strengths, structure and radii for different atom columns along the same projection in a structure. An atomic resolution 4-dimensional STEM dataset is recorded from a <110> direction in a perovskite trilayer, where only the central LaFeO₃ layer should show a period doubling that gives rise to an extra HOLZ ring. Careful comparison between experiment and multislice simulations is used to understand the origins of all features in the patterns. A strong HOLZ ring is seen for the La-O columns, indicating strong La position modulation along this direction, whereas a weaker ring is seen along the O columns, and a very weak ring is seen along the Fe columns. This demonstrates that atomic resolution HOLZ-STEM is a feasible method for investigating the 3D periodicity of crystalline materials with atomic resolution.

结果表明，高能电子衍射中的高阶Laue带（HOLZ）环特定于原子的各个列，并且沿结构中的同一投影显示的不同原子列具有不同的强度，结构和半径。从<110>方向在钙钛矿三层中记录了原子分辨率4维STEM数据集，其中只有中心LaFeO ₃层应显示出倍增的周期，这会引起额外的HOLZ振铃。实验与多层仿真之间的仔细比较可用来了解图案中所有特征的起源。对于La-O列，可以看到较强的HOLZ环，表明该方向上的La位置调制很强，而在O列上可以看到较弱的环，而在Fe列上可以看到很弱的环。这表明原子分辨率HOLZ-STEM是研究具有原子分辨率的晶体材料的3D周期性的可行方法。