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More than just a bus trip: School busing, disability and access to education in Toronto, Canada
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.005
Ron Buliung , Patrick Bilas , Timothy Ross , Cosmin Marmureanu , Ahmed El-Geneidy

Children with disabilities in Ontario, Canada have their right to equal access to education protected by the 1990 Ontario Human Rights Code and the 1990 Education Act. These legislated rights require the delivery of stigma- and barrier-free education services to children with disabilities. However, the extent to which compliance is achieved by school boards and individual schools is questionable and warrants attention as a matter of both scholarship and public policy. In this paper, we take up and apply the concept of excess travel (i.e., the travel beyond what would be required given a more optimal distribution of housing and schools) to examine the extent to which students with disability and their families are required to undertake longer, more time-consuming school trips. Our analysis includes students who were bused to TDSB elementary (grade school) and secondary (high school) schools. We use TDSB student busing records for the 2016–17 school year obtained in collaboration with the TDSB between December 2017 and March 2018. Our findings indicate substantial excess travel, particularly for students who are labelled as deaf, physically disabled, or having a behavioural exceptionality. Excess travel time experienced by students with disability is concerning given that it can lead to missed classroom time and may limit opportunities for peer interaction. The availability of busing services for students with disability confers access to education, yet it may paradoxically produce disabling experiences.



中文翻译:

不只是公车旅行:加拿大多伦多的学校公车,残障人士和接受教育的机会

加拿大安大略省的残疾儿童有权平等地受到1990年《安大略省人权法》和1990年《教育法》的保护。这些立法权利要求向残疾儿童提供无污名和无障碍的教育服务。但是,学校董事会和个别学校达到合规的程度值得怀疑,并且在奖学金和公共政策方面都应引起注意。在本文中,我们讨论并运用了超额出行的概念(即超出住房和学校的最佳分配所需要的出行),以研究残障学生及其家庭需要承担的程度更长,更耗时的学校旅行。我们的分析包括乘坐公交车前往TDSB小学(小学)和中学(高中)的学生。我们使用2017年12月至2018年3月期间与TDSB合作获得的2016-17学年TDSB学生乘车记录。我们的发现表明出行过多,特别是对于被标记为聋哑,肢体残疾或行为异常的学生。残疾学生经历的过多旅行时间令人担忧,因为这可能会导致错过课堂时间,并可能限制同伴互动的机会。为残障学生提供的公共汽车服务可以使他们获得受教育的机会,但反而可能会产生致残的经历。我们使用2017年12月至2018年3月期间与TDSB合作获得的2016-17学年TDSB学生乘车记录。我们的发现表明出行过多,特别是对于被标记为聋哑,肢体残疾或行为异常的学生。残疾学生经历的过多旅行时间令人担忧,因为这可能会导致错过课堂时间,并可能限制同伴互动的机会。为残障学生提供的公共汽车服务可以使他们获得受教育的机会,但反而可能会产生致残的经历。我们使用2017年12月至2018年3月期间与TDSB合作获得的2016-17学年TDSB学生乘车记录。我们的发现表明出行过多,特别是对于被标记为聋哑,肢体残疾或行为异常的学生。残疾学生经历的过多旅行时间令人担忧,因为这可能会导致错过课堂时间,并可能限制同伴互动的机会。为残障学生提供的公共汽车服务可以使他们获得受教育的机会,但反而可能会产生致残的经历。残疾学生经历的过多旅行时间令人担忧,因为这可能会导致错过课堂时间,并可能限制同伴互动的机会。为残障学生提供的公共汽车服务可以使他们获得受教育的机会,但反而可能会产生致残的经历。残疾学生经历的过多旅行时间令人担忧,因为这可能会导致错过课堂时间,并可能限制同伴互动的机会。为残障学生提供的公共汽车服务可以使他们获得受教育的机会,但反而可能会产生致残的经历。

更新日期:2021-05-02
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