Liquid biopsy is considered as the most attractive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. The major advantages of this approach lie in the non-invasive procedure, the rapidness of sample collection and the potential for early cancer diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the disease and the treatment response. Nanotechnology has dynamically emerged in a wide range of applications in the field of liquid biopsy. The benefits of using nanomaterials for biosensing include high sensitivity and detectability, simplicity in many cases, rapid analysis, the low cost of the analysis and the potential for portability and personalized medicine. The present paper reports on the nanomaterial-based methods and biosensors that have been developed for liquid biopsy applications. Most of the nanomaterials used exhibit great analytical performance; moreover, extremely low limits of detection have been achieved for all studied targets. This review will provide scientists with a comprehensive overview of all the nanomaterials and techniques that have been developed for liquid biopsy applications. A comparison of the developed methods in terms of detectability, dynamic range, time-length of the analysis and multiplicity, is also provided.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术在新兴液体活检应用中的应用

液体活检被认为是传统组织活检最有吸引力的替代方案。这种方法的主要优点在于非侵入性过程、样本采集的快速性以及早期癌症诊断和实时监测疾病和治疗反应的潜力。纳米技术在液体活检领域的广泛应用中蓬勃发展。使用纳米材料进行生物传感的好处包括高灵敏度和可检测性、在许多情况下简单、分析快速、分析成本低以及便携性和个性化医疗的潜力。本文报告了为液体活检应用开发的基于纳米材料的方法和生物传感器。大多数使用的纳米材料都表现出出色的分析性能；此外，所有研究目标均达到了极低的检测限。这篇综述将为科学家们提供针对液体活检应用开发的所有纳米材料和技术的全面概述。还提供了所开发方法在可检测性、动态范围、分析时间长度和多重性方面的比较。