Though the approach used to classify chronic respiratory diseases is changing to a treatable-traits (TT) approach, data regarding very elderly patients is lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess TT frequency in very elderly patients and to study the link between extrapulmonary TT and ventilatory defects. Individuals (≥75 years) residing in elderly care centres answered a standardised questionnaire, underwent spirometry, atopy and fractional exhaled nitric oxide assessments and had their blood pressure and peripheral pulse oximetry measured. Pulmonary, extrapulmonary and behavioural TT were evaluated. Outcome variables were an airflow limitation (post-bronchodilator z-score FEV₁/FVC<−1.64) and a restrictive spirometry pattern (z-score FEV₁/FVC ≥ +1.64 and z-score FVC<−1.64). Seventy-two percent of the individuals who took part in the study (n = 234) were women, and the median age of participants was 86 (IQR: 7.4). At least one pulmonary TT was identified in 105 (44.9%) individuals. The most frequent extrapulmonary TTs were: persistent systemic inflammation (47.0%), anaemia (34.4%), depression (32.5%) and obesity (27.4). Airflow limitation was exclusively associated with smoking (OR 5.03; 95% CI 1.56–16.22). A restrictive spirometry pattern was associated with cognitive impairment (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.55–9.79). A high frequency of various TTs was found. The novel association between a restrictive spirometry pattern and cognitive impairment highlights the urgency of clinical research on this vulnerable age group.

尽管用于对慢性呼吸道疾病进行分类的方法正在转变为可治疗特征（TT）方法，但仍缺乏有关高龄患者的数据。本研究的目的是评估老年患者的 TT 频率，并研究肺外 TT 与通气缺陷之间的联系。居住在老年护理中心的个人（≥75岁）回答了标准化问卷，接受了肺活量测定、特应性和呼出一氧化氮分数评估，并测量了血压和外周脉搏血氧饱和度。评估肺、肺外和行为 TT。结果变量是气流受限（支气管扩张剂后 z 得分 FEV ₁ /FVC <−1.64）和限制性肺量测定模式（z 得分 FEV ₁ /FVC ≥ +1.64 和 z 得分 FVC <−1.64）。参与该研究的人 ( n  = 234) 中有72%是女性，参与者的中位年龄为 86 岁 (IQR: 7.4)。在 105 名 (44.9%) 个体中至少发现了一种肺部 TT。最常见的肺外TT是：持续性全身炎症（47.0%）、贫血（34.4%）、抑郁（32.5%）和肥胖（27.4）。气流受限仅与吸烟相关（OR 5.03；95% CI 1.56–16.22）。限制性肺量测定模式与认知障碍相关（OR：3.89；95% CI：1.55-9.79）。发现各种 TT 出现频率很高。限制性肺量测定模式与认知障碍之间的新关联凸显了针对这一弱势年龄组进行临床研究的紧迫性。