Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) co-occur with emissions of these gases from volcanic and urban environments. Therefore, it remains a challenge for the scientific community to identify the contamination sources and quantify the specific contributions. Stable isotopes have many applications in different fields under geosciences, including volcanology, environmental surveying, and climatology. Isotopic surveys allow identification of photosynthetic fractionation in tree forests and gas sources in urban zones, and tracking of volcanic degassing. Thus, the stable isotopic composition of the local GHGs allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts and assists in mitigating the emissions.

The present study aimed to distinguish the tropospheric sources of CO₂ in the different ecosystems based on the stable isotopic composition of CO₂. The study relies on field experiments performed in both volcanic and urban zones of the Mediterranean region. Experiments to identify the CO₂ origins were designed and conducted in the field. The CO₂ in the air in Palermo, the soil CO₂ released at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the CO₂ emitted at Cava dei Selci (Rome, Italy) were selected for conducting case studies.

Isotope surveying of the CO₂-containing air in Palermo revealed that the CO₂ content was correlated to human activity. Mobile-based measurements of carbon isotope were conducted to distinguish the different sources of CO₂ at the district scale. In particular, the isotopic surveying process distinguished landfill-related CO₂ emissions from the fossil fuel burning ones. The underlying geological reservoir was identified as the main source of air CO₂ at Cava dei Selci. Finally, partitioning of soil CO₂ enabled estimation of the geological CO₂ estimation in the Vulcano Porto settled zones.

The results of the present study revealed that detailed investigations on stable isotopes assist in tracking the CO₂ sources and the fate of gas emissions. The fine-tuned experimental solutions assisted in broadening the research perspectives. In addition, deeper insights into the carbon cycle were obtained.

人为排放的温室气体（GHG）与来自火山和城市环境的这些气体的排放同时发生。因此，对于科学界来说，确定污染源并量化具体贡献仍然是一个挑战。稳定同位素在火山科学，环境调查和气候学等地球科学的不同领域中具有许多应用。同位素调查可以识别林木中的光合作用级分和城市地区的气源，并跟踪火山脱气。因此，当地温室气体的稳定同位素组成可以评估环境影响并有助于减少排放。

本研究旨在基于稳定的CO ₂同位素组成来区分不同生态系统中对流层的CO ₂来源。该研究依赖于在地中海地区的火山区和市区进行的野外实验。在现场设计并进行了确定CO ₂来源的实验。该CO ₂在空气中在Palermo，土壤CO ₂在尔卡诺（伊奥利亚群岛，意大利），和CO释放₂在卡瓦DEI塞尔奇（罗马，意大利）发射被选择用于进行案例研究。

对巴勒莫含CO ₂的空气进行同位素调查后发现，CO ₂含量与人类活动有关。进行了基于移动的碳同位素测量，以区分区域范围内不同的CO ₂来源。特别是，同位素勘测过程区分了与化石燃料燃烧产生的与垃圾填埋相关的CO ₂排放。潜在的地质储层被确定为Cava dei Selci的空气CO ₂的主要来源。最后，对土壤CO _2进行分区可以估算Vulcano Porto居民区的地质CO ₂估算。

本研究的结果表明，对稳定同位素的详细研究有助于追踪CO ₂来源和气体排放的命运。经过微调的实验解决方案有助于拓宽研究视野。另外，获得了对碳循环的更深刻的见解。