Objective

Eating disorders are associated with perfectionism in adults, but evidence is lacking in adolescent competitive athletes. This study examined eating disorder symptoms and perfectionism in a sample of 13–15 years old, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts.

Methods

Eighty-nine female rhythmic gymnasts (41 international and 48 recreational level gymnasts), completed the Eating Attitudes Tests 26 (EAT-26), the Sport Perfectionism Questionnaire (SPQ), the Social Desirability Scale (SDS) and provided information on their training.

Results

It was found that 41.46% of the international and 14.58% of the recreational level gymnasts scored ≥20 in EAT-26. International level gymnasts also scored higher than recreational in EAT-26 (p = 0.002), and its subscales Dieting (p = 0.012) and Oral Control (p ˂ 0.001) and in the Sport Perfectionism Questionnaire (p = 0.005) and the subscales Striving for Perfectionism (p ˂ 0.001) and Personal Standards (p ˂ 0.001). No differences were found between groups in the subscales Concerns over Mistakes (p = 0.429), and Negative Reactions to Imperfection (p = 0.096). Multiple regression analysis in international level gymnasts, showed that Negative Reactions to Imperfection, body mass index and training experience accounted for 33.2% of the variance in EAT-26 (adjusted R² = 0.332, F = 6.786, p ˂ 0.001). A negative association was observed between training experience and eating disorder symptoms in international level athletes. No association was found between the subscales of perfectionism and EAT-26 in recreational gymnasts (p ˃ 0.316).

Conclusions

International level, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts show more eating pathology than recreational. Negative Reactions to Imperfection and BMI seem relevant for gymnasts' dieting behaviour while training experience may help adolescent athletes to cope with disturbed eating behaviours.

中文翻译：

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他们太完美了以至于不能健康饮食吗？青少年艺术体操运动员进食障碍症状与完美主义的关系

客观的

饮食失调与成年人的完美主义有关，但缺乏青少年竞技运动员的证据。这项研究在一个13至15岁的青少年艺术体操运动员样本中检查了饮食失调症状和完美主义。

方法

89名女性艺术体操运动员（41名国际性体操运动员和48名娱乐级体操运动员）完成了饮食态度测试26（EAT-26），运动完美主义问卷（SPQ），社会满意度量表（SDS），并提供了有关其培训的信息。

结果

发现在EAT-26中，国际上41.46％的休闲水平体操运动员和14.58％的休闲水平体操运动员的得分≥20。国际水平的体操运动员在EAT-26（p  = 0.002），其节食量表（p  = 0.012）和口述控制（p  0.001 0.001）以及《运动完美主义问卷》（p  = 0.005）和“努力”子量表中的得分也高于娱乐性。为完美（p  ˂0.001）和个人标准（p  ˂0.001）。在“对失误的关注”子类别中，各组之间未发现差异（p  = 0.429），并且不良反应（p  = 0.096）。国际水平体操运动员的多元回归分析表明，对缺陷的负面反应，体重指数和培训经历占EAT-26差异的33.2％（校正后R ²  = 0.332，F =  6.786 ，p 0.001 0.001）。在国际水平的运动员中，训练经验与饮食失调症状之间存在负相关关系。没有相关性发现完美的分量表之间，并在娱乐体操运动员（EAT-26 p  ˃0.316）。

结论

从国际水平看，青少年艺术体操运动员的饮食饮食状况比娱乐性饮食要高。对不完美和BMI的负面反应似乎与体操运动员的节食行为有关，而训练经验可能有助于青少年运动员应付饮食不安的行为。