In Fennoscandia, tectonics, Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA), and climatic changes cause ongoing crustal deformation of some millimetres per year, both vertically and horizontally. These displacements of the Earth can be measured to a high degree of precision using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Since about three decades, this is the major goal of the Baseline Inferences for Fennoscandian Rebound, Sea-level, and Tectonics (BIFROST) project.

We present a new velocity field for an extended BIFROST GNSS network in the ITRF2008 reference frame making use of the GNSS processing package GPS Analysis Software of MIT (GAMIT). Compared to earlier publications, we have almost doubled the number of stations in our analysis and increased the observation time span, thereby avoiding the early years of the network with many instrument changes. We also provide modelled vertical deformation rates from contributing processes, i.e. elastic deformation due to global atmospheric and non-tidal ocean loading, ice mass and hydrological changes as well as GIA. These values for the vertical component can be used for removal of these contributions so that the residual uplift signal can be further analysed, e.g., in the context of local or regional deformation processes or large-scale but low-magnitude geodynamics.

The velocity field has an uplift maximum of 10.3 mm/yr in northern Sweden west of the Gulf of Bothnia and subsidence exceeding 1 mm/yr in northern Central Europe. The horizontal velocity field is dominated by plate motion of more than 20.0 mm/yr from south-west to north-east. The elastic uplift signal sums up to 0.7–0.8 mm/yr for most stations in Northern Europe. Hence, the maximum uplift related to the past glaciation is ca. 9.6 mm/yr. The residual uplift signal after removal of the elastic and GIA contribution may point to possible improvements of the GIA model, but may also indicate regional tectonic and erosional processes as well as local deformation effects. We show an example of such residual signal discussing potential areas of interest for further studies.

在芬诺斯坎迪亚，构造，冰川等静压调整（GIA）和气候变化导致地壳每年垂直和水平方向持续变形数毫米。使用全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）可以高精度地测量地球的这些位移。大约三十年来，这是芬诺斯堪的纳维亚反弹，海平面和构造（BIFROST）项目基线推断的主要目标。

我们利用MIT的GNSS处理软件包GPS分析软件（GAMIT）在ITRF2008参考框架中为扩展的BIFROST GNSS网络提供了一个新的速度场。与早期出版物相比，我们的分析站数几乎增加了一倍，并增加了观测时间跨度，从而避免了网络早期对仪器进行许多更改的情况。我们还通过贡献过程提供了模型化的垂直变形率，即由于全球​​大气和非潮汐海洋负荷，冰块和水文变化以及GIA引起的弹性变形。垂直分量的这些值可用于消除这些影响，以便可以进一步分析残余隆起信号，例如，

在波特尼亚湾以西的瑞典北部，速度场的最大隆升为10.3 mm / yr，在中欧北部，沉降速度超过1 mm / yr。水平速度场由从西南到东北大于20.0 mm / yr的板块运动控制。北欧大多数台站的弹性隆升信号总和为0.7-0.8毫米/年。因此，与过去冰期有关的最大隆升约为。9.6毫米/年 去除弹性和GIA贡献后的残余隆升信号可能表明GIA模型可能得到改善，但也可能表明区域构造和侵蚀过程以及局部变形效应。我们展示了这样一个残留信号的例子，讨论了潜在的感兴趣领域，以供进一步研究。