Zn–Pb-bearing rocks from mining sites in Olkusz, southern Poland may continue to represent a risk to the environment through the mobilization of metals. This study experimentally simulated the exposure of calamine-type rocks and goethite crusts to various weathering conditions and then compared the behavior of these mineralogically diverse samples. Study conditions included sample exposures to and comparisons of native microorganisms (biostimulation of the soil solution favoring microbial growth) and sterile soil extracts, single bacterial strains (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bioaugmentation) and sterile acidic growth mediums, root exudates of various concentrations, and water. This study demonstrated that A. thiooxidans and root exudates had the largest influence on the mobilization of metallic elements (up to 44% for Zn, 29% for Pb, and 78% for Cd), whereas H₂O was found to play a minor role (0.13% for Zn, 0.27% for Pb, and 1.23% for Cd). The sample composed of goethite crust with quartz was generally more susceptible to bioweathering than the calamine-type rock, a result that was likely caused by the presence of goethite and smithsonite, both undergoing severe dissolution. We conclude that bioweathering was an important driver affecting the stability of the sample rocks. The dissolution of minerals such as hemimorphite and smithsonite under experimental conditions proves that analogic dissolution can also occur under natural weathering conditions.

来自波兰南部奥尔库斯采矿场的含锌-铅的岩石可能会通过金属的迁移继续对环境构成威胁。这项研究通过实验模拟了炉甘石型岩石和针铁矿结皮在各种风化条件下的暴露情况，然后比较了这些矿物学上不同的样品的行为。研究条件包括样品接触和比较天然微生物（对土壤溶液的生物刺激有利于微生物生长）和无菌土壤提取物，单一细菌菌株（硫氧化酸硫硫杆菌）和无菌酸性生长培养基，各种浓度的根系分泌物和水。这项研究表明，A。thiooxidans根系分泌物对金属元素的迁移影响最大（锌高达44％，铅高达29％，镉高达78％），而H ₂ O的作用较小（锌为0.13％，铅为0.27％，镉为1.23％）。由针铁矿壳和石英组成的样品通常比炉甘石型岩石更易遭受生物风化作用，这一结果很可能是由于针铁矿和新铁矿的存在而引起的，两者都经历了严重的溶解。我们得出结论，生物风化是影响样品岩石稳定性的重要驱动力。在实验条件下矿物（如半晶石和铁矾）的溶解证明，在自然风化条件下也可能发生类比溶解。