Context

Resilience is the ability to deal with shocks and stresses, including the unknown and previously unimaginable, such as the Covid-19 crisis.

Objective

This paper assesses (i) how different farming systems were exposed to the crisis, (ii) which resilience capacities were revealed and (iii) how resilience was enabled or constrained by the farming systems' social and institutional environment.

Methods

The 11 farming systems included have been analysed since 2017. This allows a comparison of pre-Covid-19 findings and the Covid-19 crisis. Pre-Covid findings are from the SURE-Farm systematic sustainability and resilience assessment. For Covid-19 a special data collection was carried out during the early stage of lockdowns.

Results and conclusions

Our case studies found limited impact of Covid-19 on the production and delivery of food and other agricultural products. This was due to either little exposure or the agile activation of robustness capacities of the farming systems in combination with an enabling institutional environment. Revealed capacities were mainly based on already existing connectedness among farmers and more broadly in value chains. Across cases, the experience of the crisis triggered reflexivity about the operation of the farming systems. Recurring topics were the need for shorter chains, more fairness towards farmers, and less dependence on migrant workers. However, actors in the farming systems and the enabling environment generally focused on the immediate issues and gave little real consideration to long-term implications and challenges. Hence, adaptive or transformative capacities were much less on display than coping capacities. The comparison with pre-Covid findings mostly showed similarities. If challenges, such as shortage of labour, already loomed before, they persisted during the crisis. Furthermore, the eminent role of resilience attributes was confirmed. In cases with high connectedness and diversity we found that these system characteristics contributed significantly to dealing with the crisis. Also the focus on coping capacities was already visible before the crisis. We are not sure yet whether the focus on short-term robustness just reflects the higher visibility and urgency of shocks compared to slow processes that undermine or threaten important system functions, or whether they betray an imbalance in resilience capacities at the expense of adaptability and transformability.

Significance

Our analysis indicates that if transformations are required, e.g. to respond to concerns about transnational value chains and future pandemics from zoonosis, the transformative capacity of many farming systems needs to be actively enhanced through an enabling environment.

中文翻译：

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从弹性思维的角度看 Covid-19 对欧洲农业系统的影响

语境

弹性是应对冲击和压力的能力，包括未知的和以前无法想象的，例如 Covid-19 危机。

客观的

本文评估了 (i) 不同的农业系统如何暴露于危机，(ii) 揭示了哪些恢复能力，以及 (iii) 农业系统的社会和制度环境如何促成或限制恢复力。

方法

自 2017 年以来，对其中的 11 个农业系统进行了分析。这样可以比较 Covid-19 之前的发现和 Covid-19 危机。Covid 之前的调查结果来自 SURE-Farm 系统的可持续性和复原力评估。对于 Covid-19，在锁定的早期阶段进行了特殊的数据收集。

结果和结论

我们的案例研究发现 Covid-19 对食品和其他农产品的生产和交付的影响有限。这是由于很少接触或灵活激活农业系统的稳健能力以及有利的制度环境。显示的能力主要基于农民之间以及更广泛的价值链中已经存在的联系。在所有案例中，危机的经历引发了对农业系统运作的反思。反复出现的主题是需要更短的供应链、对农民更公平以及减少对农民工的依赖。然而，农业系统和有利环境中的参与者通常关注眼前的问题，很少真正考虑长期影响和挑战。因此，与应对能力相比，适应或变革能力的表现要少得多。与 Covid 之前的发现进行比较，主要显示出相似之处。如果劳动力短缺等挑战之前已经出现，那么它们在危机期间仍然存在。此外，弹性属性的显着作用得到证实。在具有高度连通性和多样性的情况下，我们发现这些系统特征对处理危机有重大贡献。此外，对应对能力的关注在危机之前就已经很明显了。我们还不确定与破坏或威胁重要系统功能的缓慢过程相比，对短期稳健性的关注是否仅反映了冲击的更高可见性和紧迫性，

意义

我们的分析表明，如果需要转型，例如为了应对对跨国价值链和未来人畜共患病大流行的担忧，许多农业系统的转型能力需要通过有利的环境来积极增强。