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Daratumumab therapy for post-HSCT immune-mediated cytopenia: experiences from two pediatric cases and review of literature
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics Pub Date : 2021-04-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00114-y
Lina Driouk , Robert Schmitt , Anke Peters , Sabine Heine , Hermann Josef Girschick , Brigitte Strahm , Charlotte M. Niemeyer , Carsten Speckmann

Immune-mediated cytopenias (AIC) are challenging complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While broad-acting immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids are often standard of care, several novel therapies which target specific immunological pathways have recently been developed and provide hope for patients with steroid-refractory courses and may limit long-term toxicity. The successful off-label use of the plasma cell depleting anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab was published in several case reports, suggesting efficacy, i.e., in patients with antibody-mediated AIC refractory to previous B cell depletion. We want to share our experience with two children, whom we treated with daratumumab, including one fatal course with uncontrolled disease. Given the absence of substantial data from HSCT registries or prospective trials, we furthermore provide a critical review of the literature on daratumumab treatment of AIC. Patient 1 (P1), an 11-year-old girl with lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency who developed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (AIT) from day +58 after HSCT, showed a complete response to daratumumab after the fourth of six total daratumumab doses. She remains transfusion independent for over a year of follow-up. Previously, her thrombocytopenia was refractory to corticosteroids, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), eltrombopag, cyclosporine A, and sirolimus. Patient 2 (P2), a 6-year-old boy with CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency, developed both AIT and hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after HSCT on days +58 and +83, respectively, and was also treated with daratumumab after being previously refractory to prednisolone, rituximab, and IVIG. Yet, he did neither respond to daratumumab nor the concomitantly administered methyprednisolone pulse, plasmapheresis, and eculizumab and succumbed due to refractory disease. Reviewing the literature on the use of daratumumab for refractory AIC post-HSCT, we consider daratumumab a promising agent for this life-threatening disorder: ten of the twelve patients reached transfusion independency in the literature. However, treatment failures are likely to be underreported. Thus, controlled trials are needed to explore the safety and efficacy of daratumumab in this rare post-HSCT complication.

中文翻译:

Daratumumab治疗HSCT后免疫介导的血细胞减少症的经验:两例儿科病例的经验和文献复习

免疫介导的血细胞减少症(AIC)是同种异体造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后具有挑战性的并发症。尽管像皮质类固醇这样的广谱免疫抑制剂通常是护理的标准,但最近已经开发出了几种针对特定免疫途径的新型疗法,这些疗法为类固醇难治性病程的患者提供了希望,并可能限制其长期毒性。在几例病例报告中已成功公开报道了浆细胞耗竭抗CD38抗体daratumumab的标签外使用成功,这表明了疗效,即在抗体介导的AIC对先前B细胞耗竭难治的患者中有效。我们想与两个接受达拉他单抗治疗的孩子分享我们的经验,包括一个致命的病程不受控制的疾病。鉴于HSCT注册中心或前瞻性试验缺乏大量数据,我们进一步对daratumumab治疗AIC的文献进行了严格的综述。患者1(P1)是一名11岁的女孩,患有脂多糖反应性和米色样锚蛋白(LRBA)缺乏症,在HSCT后+58天开始出现免疫介导的血小板减少症(AIT),在术后1个月对daratumumab表现出完全应答六个daratumumab总剂量中的第四个剂量。她保持了独立的输血超过一年的随访。以前,她的血小板减少症对皮质类固醇,利妥昔单抗,静脉内免疫球蛋白(IVIG),Eltrombopag,环孢菌素A和西罗莫司难治。患者2(P2)是一个患有CD40配体(CD40L)缺乏症的6岁男孩,在HSCT后的第58天和+83天分别出现了AIT和溶血性贫血(AIHA),在先前对泼尼松龙,利妥昔单抗和IVIG无效后,还接受了daratumumab的治疗。然而,他既没有对达拉他单抗作出反应,也没有同时给予甲泼尼龙,脉搏和血浆依库珠单抗,并因难治性疾病而屈服。回顾有关使用达拉妥单抗治疗难治性AIC的HSCT后文献,我们认为达拉妥单抗是治疗这种危及生命的疾病的有希望的药物:在文献中12名患者中有10名达到了输血独立性。但是,治疗失败的可能性可能会被低估。因此,需要进行对照试验来探讨daratumumab在这种罕见的HSCT后并发症中的安全性和有效性。他既没有对daratumumab做出反应,也没有同时给予甲泼尼龙,脉搏和血浆依库珠单抗,但由于难治性疾病而屈服。回顾有关使用达拉妥单抗治疗难治性AIC的HSCT后文献,我们认为达拉妥单抗是治疗这种危及生命的疾病的有希望的药物:在文献中12名患者中有10名达到了输血独立性。但是,治疗失败的可能性可能会被低估。因此,需要进行对照试验来探讨daratumumab在这种罕见的HSCT后并发症中的安全性和有效性。他既没有对daratumumab做出反应,也没有同时给予甲泼尼龙,脉搏和血浆依库珠单抗,但由于难治性疾病而屈服。回顾有关使用达拉妥单抗治疗难治性AIC的HSCT后文献,我们认为达拉妥单抗是治疗这种危及生命的疾病的有希望的药物:在文献中12名患者中有10名达到了输血独立性。但是,治疗失败的可能性可能会被低估。因此,需要进行对照试验来探讨daratumumab在这种罕见的HSCT后并发症中的安全性和有效性。我们认为daratumumab是治疗这种威胁生命的疾病的有前途的药物:在文献中,十二名患者中有十名达到了输血独立性。但是,治疗失败的可能性可能会被低估。因此,需要进行对照试验来探讨daratumumab在这种罕见的HSCT后并发症中的安全性和有效性。我们认为daratumumab是治疗这种威胁生命的疾病的有前途的药物:在文献中,十二名患者中有十名达到了输血独立性。但是,治疗失败的可能性可能会被低估。因此,需要进行对照试验来探讨daratumumab在这种罕见的HSCT后并发症中的安全性和有效性。
更新日期:2021-04-30
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