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The 2020 New Caledonia Referendum: The Slow March to Independence?
The Journal of Pacific History Pub Date : 2021-04-29 , DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2021.1912584
John Connell

ABSTRACT

At a second referendum in October 2020 the majority of the eligible population of New Caledonia voted to remain with France rather than choose independence. After violent conflict in the 1980s, two accords brought a process of ‘rebalancing’ over 30 years, aimed at creating a ‘common destiny’ primarily between the Indigenous Melanesian Kanak population and European settlers, culminating in a series of referendums on independence. Despite some economic development in the largely rural and regional areas dominated by Kanaks, a first 2018 referendum campaign highlighted persistent acute divisions between Kanaks who sought independence, and loyalists who preferred stability, security, and preservation of the status quo. The relatively close outcome of that first referendum, 56 per cent against independence as compared to 44 per cent in favour, was followed by a second still closer outcome, 53 per cent against and 47 per cent in favour. Whereas most of the world’s remaining non-decolonized states have avoided the path of secession or full independence, New Caledonia appeared to be edging towards independence. Nonetheless divisions were hardening. With a third referendum on independence posited for 2022, and the election of a majority pro-independence government in February 2021, New Caledonia faces the alternatives of independence, a new accord agreed between loyalists and pro-independence parties, or a future continuation of the power-sharing institutions created by the 1998 Noumea Accord.



中文翻译:

2020 年新喀里多尼亚公投:缓慢走向独立?

摘要

在 2020 年 10 月的第二次公投中,新喀里多尼亚大多数符合条件的人口投票决定留在法国,而不是选择独立。在 1980 年代的暴力冲突之后,两项协议带来了 30 多年的“再平衡”过程,旨在主要在原住民美拉尼西亚卡纳克人与欧洲定居者之间建立“共同命运”,最终以一系列关于独立的公投告终。尽管在以卡纳克人为主的主要农村和区域地区取得了一些经济发展,但 2018 年的第一次公投活动凸显了寻求独立的卡纳克人和喜欢稳定、安全和维持现状的忠诚者之间持续存在的严重分歧。第一次公投的结果相对接近,56% 反对独立,44% 赞成,紧随其后的是第二个更接近的结果,53% 的反对和 47% 的赞成。尽管世界上大多数剩余的非殖民化国家都避免了分裂或完全独立的道路,但新喀里多尼亚似乎正在走向独立。尽管如此,分歧仍在加剧。随着 2022 年举行第三次独立公投,并于 2021 年 2 月选举了多数支持独立的政府,新喀里多尼亚面临着独立的替代选择、忠诚者和支持独立的政党之间达成的新协议,或未来继续1998 年《努美阿协定》创建的权力分享机构。尽管世界上大多数剩余的非殖民化国家都避免了分裂或完全独立的道路,但新喀里多尼亚似乎正在走向独立。尽管如此,分歧仍在加剧。随着 2022 年举行第三次独立公投,并于 2021 年 2 月选举了多数支持独立的政府,新喀里多尼亚面临着独立的替代选择、忠诚者和支持独立的政党之间达成的新协议,或未来继续1998 年《努美阿协定》创建的权力分享机构。尽管世界上大多数剩余的非殖民化国家都避免了分裂或完全独立的道路,但新喀里多尼亚似乎正在走向独立。尽管如此,分歧仍在加剧。随着 2022 年举行第三次独立公投,并于 2021 年 2 月选举了多数支持独立的政府,新喀里多尼亚面临着独立的替代选择、忠诚者和支持独立的政党之间达成的新协议,或未来继续1998 年《努美阿协定》创建的权力分享机构。

更新日期:2021-07-06
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