Non-native fish (NNF) can threaten megadiverse aquatic ecosystems throughout the planet, but limited information is available for the Amazon Region. In this study we review NNF data in the Amazonian macroregion using spatiotemporal records on the occurrence and the richness of NNF from a collaborative network of 32 regional experts, establishing the Amazon NNF database (ANNF). The NNF species richness was analyzed by river basin and by country, as well as the policies for each geopolitical division for the Amazon. The analysis included six countries (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia), together comprising more than 80% of the Amazon Region. A total of 1314 NNF occurrence records were gathered. The first record of NNF in this region was in 1939 and there has been a marked increase in the last 20 years (2000-2020), during which 75% of the records were observed. The highest number of localities with NNF occurrence records was observed for Colombia, followed by Brazil and Bolivia. The NNF records include 9 orders, 17 families and 41 species. Most of the NNF species are also used in aquaculture (12 species) and in the aquarium trade (12 species). The most frequent NNF detected were Arapaima gigas, Poecilia reticulata and Oreochromis niloticus. The current data highlight that there are few documented cases on NNF in the Amazon, their negative impacts and management strategies adopted. The occurrence of NNF in the Amazon Region represents a threat to native biodiversity that has been increasing “silently" due to the difficulties of large-scale sampling and low number of NNF species reported when compared to other South American regions. The adoption of effective management measures by decision-makers is urgently needed and their enforcement needed to change this alarming trend and help protect the Amazon’s native fish diversity.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊非本地鱼类的无声威胁：ANNF数据库和评论

非本地鱼类（NNF）可能威胁到整个星球上的各种生物，但有关亚马逊地区的信息却很少。在这项研究中，我们使用32位区域专家合作网络中NNF发生和丰富度的时空记录，回顾了亚马逊宏观区域中的NNF数据，建立了Amazon NNF数据库（ANNF）。通过流域和国家对NNF物种的丰富度进行了分析，并对亚马逊的每个地缘政治分区的政策进行了分析。分析包括六个国家（巴西，秘鲁，玻利维亚，厄瓜多尔，委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚），这些国家合起来占亚马逊地区的80％以上。总共收集了1314个NNF发生记录。该地区NNF的首次记录是在1939年，并且在最近20年（2000-2020年）中有明显的增加，在此期间，观察到了75％的记录。在哥伦比亚，有NNF发生记录的地方数量最多，其次是巴西和玻利维亚。NNF记录包括9目，17科和41种。大多数NNF物种也用于水产养殖（12种）和水族贸易（12种）。检测到最频繁的NNF是Arapaima gigas，Poecilia reticulata和Oreochromis niloticus。当前数据突出表明，亚马逊地区关于NNF，负面影响和采用的管理策略的文献记录很少。由于与南美洲其他地区相比，大规模采样的困难和报告的NNF物种数量少，亚马逊河地区NNF的出现对本地生物多样性构成了“无声”威胁。